DAMPAK KEPEMILIKAN DAN PENGUASAAN LAHAN TERHADAP PRODUKSI, RISIKO DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DI DAERAH SENTRA PADI KABUPATEN PINRANG

Arifin, S.Tp., MP., Prof. Dr. Ir Irham, M.Sc.,

2012 | Disertasi | S3 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat produksi dan pendapatan di daerah sentra padi berdasarkan status kepemilikan dan penguasaan lahan di Kabupaten Pinrang, menganalisis risiko produksi dan pendapatan di daerah sentra padi berdasarkan status kepemilikan dan penguasaan lahan di Kabupaten Pinrang serta faktor-faktor penentunya, dan menganalisis tingkat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga tani (dengan pendekatan pangsa pengeluaran pangan) di daerah sentra padi berdasarkan status kepemilikan dan penguasaan lahan di Kabupaten Pinrang dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Pinrang yang merupakan salah satu daerah sentra produksi padi di Sulawesi Selatan. Sampel diambil 180 orang petani. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis data digunakan analisis produksi dan pendapatan, koefisien variasi, regresi linear berganda dengan metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square), NLS (Non Linear Square) dan heteroskedastic dengan model multiplicative heteroscedasticity, dan pangsa pengeluaran pangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Produksi dan pendapatan petani pemilik lebih besar daripada petani non pemilik dan petani garap lahan sendiri lebih besar daripada petani garap lahan orang lain; (2) Risiko produksi lebih tinggi dialami petani pemilik dan petani garap lahan sendiri daripada yang di alami petani non pemilik dan petani garap lahan orang lain; (3) Variabel luas lahan, jumlah pupuk urea, jumlah pupuk phonska, jumlah pestisida dan status kepemilikan lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap risiko produksi pada MT I. Sedangkan variabel luas lahan, jumlah benih, jumlah pupuk urea, jumlah pupuk phonska, jumlah pestisida, pengalaman berusahatani dan status kepemilikan lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap risiko produksi pada MT II; (4) Risiko pendapatan lebih tinggi dialami petani pemilik dan petani garap lahan sendiri daripada yang di alami petani non pemilik dan petani garap lahan orang lain; (5) Variabel luas lahan, pengalaman berusahatani, upah tenaga kerja, harga benih, harga pupuk phonska dan status kepemilikan lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap risiko pendapatan pada MT I. Sedangkan variabel luas lahan, pengalaman berusahatani, upah tenaga kerja, harga benih, harga pupuk urea, harga pupuk phonska dan status kepemilikan lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap risiko pendapatan pada MT II; (6) Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani pemilik dan petani garap lahan sendiri lebih tahan daripada ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani non pemilik dan petani garap lahan orang lain; (7) Variabel usia ibu rumah tangga petani, pendidikan, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, pengalaman berusahatani, pendapatan, harga beras, harga gula, harga ikan dan status kepemilikan lahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga petani.

This study aimed to analyze the level of production and income in the central areas of paddy based on status of land ownership and control in the Regency Pinrang, analyze the risks of production and revenue in the central areas of paddy based on status of land ownership and control in the Regency Pinrang and its determinants, and analyze the level of farm household food security (to the share of food expenditure) in the central areas of paddy based on status of land ownership and control in the Regency Pinrang and the factors that influence it. Research conducted in the Regency Pinrang which is one of the central area of paddy production in South Sulawesi. Sample were taken 180 farmers. The data used were the primary data and secondary data. Data analysis used analysis of production and income, the coefficient of variation, multiple linear regression by the method of OLS (Ordinary Least Square), NLS (Non Linear Square) and heteroskedastic model with multiplicative heteroscedasticity, and the share of food expenditure. The results of research showed that: (1) production and income of the farm owners was greater than non-owners and farmers who working on their own land were greater than the farmers working on the land of others, (2) higher production risk was experienced by both farm owner and farmers working on their own land rather than one occurred in non-owner farmers and farmers working on other people's land, (3) variable land area, the amount of fertilizer urea, fertilizer Phonska, the amount of pesticides and land tenure significantly affected the risk of production in MT I. While variable land area, number of seeds, fertilizer urea, fertilizer Phonska, the amount of pesticides, farming experience and tenure significantly affected the risk of production in MT II, (4) higher income risk was experienced by both farm owner and farmers working on their own land rather than one occurred in naturally non-owner peasants and farmers working on other people's land, (5) variable land, farming experience, wage of labor, the price of seed, fertilizer prices Phonska and tenure significantly affected the risk of revenue in MT I. While variable land, farming experience, labor, seed prices, urea fertilizer prices, Phonska fertilizer prices and tenure Phonska significantly affected the risk of revenue in MT II, (6) the household food resilience for farm owner and farmers working on the land owners own were more resistant than one for non owners and farmers who working on other people's land, (7) variable age of farmer’s housewives, education, number of family member, farming experience, income, prices of rice, sugar prices, the price of fish and influential tenure significantly effected on household food resilience of farmers.

Kata Kunci : Pemilikan Lahan, Penguasaan Lahan, Produksi, Risiko, Ketahanan Pangan, Usahatani Padi