THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN WOOD-BASED PRODUCTS: 1991 – 2010
Siswadi, Professor Jinhwan Oh
2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Ek.Pembangunan-
This paper analyzes the competitiveness of Indonesian wood-based products; namely, fuel wood/wood charcoal (SITC 245), wood chips/waste (SITC 246), wood in rough/squared (SITC 247), wood simply worked (SITC 248), pulp and waste paper (SITC 251), veneer/plywood/etc. (SITC 634), wood manufactures n.e.s. (SITC 635), paper/paperboard (SITC 641), cut paper/board/articles (SITC 642), and furniture/stuff furnishing (SITC 821). The competitiveness is analyzed in the international market during 1991–2010 period, using the revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA), Spearman rank correlation, product mapping, and constant market share (CMS) analysis. The result of RSCA analysis shows that Indonesia had a comparative advantage in wood-based products during the period, especially SITC 245, 248, 251, 634, 635, 641, and 821. Indonesia did not have a comparative advantage in SITC 246 and 247 for the whole period of the observation and in 642 during 1991–97 and 2005–10. The results of Spearman rank correlation find that Indonesian wood-based products have a slower rate of change or no structural shift in comparative advantage during 1991–2010. It reveals also that Canada, Finland, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Netherlands had similar patterns of comparative advantage and competed against each other during the period of observation. The strongest competitor for Indonesian wood-based products was Canada, followed by Finland, Malaysia, and the Netherlands. The product mapping results show that Indonesia was in group A (has a comparative advantage and is a net exporter) in SITC 245, 634, and 635. Indonesia was also in group A in all periods except during the 1997–98 crisis in SITC 248 and 821. The CMS analysis reveals that the increase in Indonesian wood-based products export was caused by the general increase in world exports, the commodity composition effect, and the market distribution effect in the 1991–2000 period. In the 2000–05 period, the export increase was due to the general increase in world exports and the commodity composition effect, while in the 2005–10 period it was due to the competitiveness, the market distribution effect, and the general increase in world exports.
Kata Kunci : Competitiveness, Wood-Based Products, Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Spearman Rank Correlation, Product Mapping, Constant Market Share (CMS).
