EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN Chromolaena odorata L. TERHADAP KESEMBUHAN LUKA INSISI PADA TIKUS SPRAGUE DAWLEY

drh NI SRI YULIANI, drh. Sitarina Widyarini, MP., Ph.D

2013 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Chromolaena odorata merupakan tanaman gulma yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai obat khususnya kesembuhan luka. Kandungan senyawa aktif flavonoid, saponin, tanin, phytat, dan glikosida sianogenik yang terdapat dalam tanaman tersebut digunakan untuk kesembuhan luka secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol daun C.odorata dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 20% terhadap kesembuhan luka insisi pada tikus Sprague-Dawley. Daun C.odorata, diambil dari Pulau Timor (NTT), dideterminasi di Taksonomi Tumbuhan, Fakultas Biologi, UGM dan diekstraksi dengan etanol 96%. Sebanyak 45 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley jantan, berumur 6 minggu dengan berat badan 150-200g.Tikus semua kelompok diinsisi linier dengan kedalaman sampai dermis di daerah punggung dan panjang insisi 3cm. K1 diberi basis salep, K2 betadin 10%, K3 ekstrak C.odorata 5%, K4 ekstrak C.odorata 10%, K5 ekstrak C.odorata 20%. Ekstrak dan obat diberikan secara topikal sebanyak 100 mg sekali/hari selama 10 hari. Tikus dietanasi 3 ekor per kelompok pada hari ke- 2, 6, dan 10 setelah insisi. Jaringan kulit diambil, difiksasi dalam formalin buffer 10% untuk pewarnaan HE dan imunohistokimia dengan antibodi VEGF dan COX-2. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah nested. Variabel yang diamati adalah kesembuhan luka secara makroskopis hari ke-0 sampai hari ke-10 setelah insisi. Secara makroskopis proses kesembuhan semua kelompok perlakuan dimulai adanya hemostasis, terbentuknya scab dan luka menutup sempurna pada hari ke-4 setelah insisi. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan mikroskopis terlihat bahwa ekstrak C.odorata berbagai konsentrasi mampu berefek untuk kesembuhan luka. Aplikasi ekstrak C.odorata pada tikus Srague Dawley diduga mampu memacu kesembuhan luka melalui peningkatan rerata ekspresi VEGF pada keratinosit, COX-2 pada fibroblast like cell dan fibroblas pada pewarnaan HE untuk reepitelisasi dan angiogenesis.

Chromolaena odorata is a species of weed utilized as traditional medicine especially for wound healing. The content of the active compounds of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phytat, and cyanogenic glycosides present in the plants can be applied to in vitro wound healing. This research was conducted to study the effects of ethanol extract of C. odorata leaves at the concentration of 5%, 10%, and 20% on the healing of incision wounds in Sprague-Dawley rats. The systematics of C. odorata leaves, obtained from Timor Island (East Nusa Tenggara), were determined at Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, the Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, and extracted with 96% of ethanol. A total of 45 males of Sprague Dawley rats aged 6 weeks, weighing 150-200g, were utilized in this study. All groups of rats were given a linear incision of 3 cm long at dermal depth on the backs. K1 was treated by ointment basis, K2 by 10% of betadin, K3 by 5% of C. odorata extract, K4 by 10% of C. odorata extract, and K5 by 20% of C. odorata extract. The extract and medication were topical applied once a day at the amount of 100 mg for ten days. Then, 3 rats of each group were euthanized in day 2, 6, and 10 after incision. Subsequently, skin tissue was obtained and fixated in 10% of formalin buffer for HE and immunohistochemical staining with an antibody of VEGF and COX-2. Research design employed in this study was nested design with observed variable was macroscopic wound healing on day 0 – 10 after incision. Macroscopic wound healing process in all groups began with haemostasis and scab formation, and then the wounds were completely healed on day 4 after incision. Based on the microscopic observations; the results showed that the extract of C. odorata at various concentration possessed potential effects on wound healing. The application of C. odorata extract on Sprague Dawley rats was considered to have an ability to promote wound healing through the increase of average VEGF expression on ceratinocyts, COX-2 on fibroblast like-cell and fibroblast at HE staining for re-epithelization and angiogenesis.

Kata Kunci : Sprague Dawley, kesembuhan luka, Chromolaena odorata, VEGF, COX-2