PENGARUH 7 JENIS TEGAKAN HUTAN TANAMAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS SERTA NUTRISI RUMPUT RAJA DAN KANDUNGAN HARA TANAH DI WANAGAMA I, YOGYAKARTA

Indah Riadi putri, Dr.Ir.Haryono Supriyo, M.Agr.Sc

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penyebaran rumput Raja terutama yang berada di petak 17 dan 18 Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama I, Desa Banaran, Kecamatan Playen, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul dapat dijumpai di bawah ketujuh tegakan hutan yaitu Tectona grandis (Jati), Acacia mangium (A. mangium), Azadirachta indica (Mimba), Acacia aulacocarpa (A. aulokokarpa), Melaleuca leucadendra (Kayu putih), Eucalyptus pellita (Ekaliptus), Gliricidia sepium (Gamal). Meskipun selama ini telah banyak penelitian mengenai berbagai macam jenis rumput yang terdapat di berbagai tempat, namun informasi produksi dan kualitas rumput Raja di bawah kondisi tegakan hutan tanaman yang berbeda masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kondisi tempat tumbuh hijauan pakan ternak Rumput Raja, menilai produktivitas dan kualitas hijauan pakan ternak Rumput Raja yang ditanam di bawah berbagai jenis tegakan pohon di hutan Wanagama I pada musim penghujan dan musim kemarau. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan membuat plot penelitian dengan ukuran 1 x 1 m2 di ketujuh tegakan, dengan ulangan sebanyak 2 kali sehinga keseluruhan ada 14 plot permusim. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian. Tempat tumbuh terbaik pada musim hujan berada di bawah tegakan Akasia aulococarpa intensitas cahaya matahari sebesar 175,36 – 193,93 foot candle, rata-rata suhu udara dan tanah berturut-turut sebesar 33,97°C – 37,30°C dan 26,50°C – 30,57°, rata-rata kelembaban udara dan tanah berturut-turut sebesar 49,40% – 53,86% dan 48,62% – 54,36%, rata-rata pH sebesar 6,53 – 6,87 tekstur tanah pasir; debu; liat berturut-turut sebesar 28%-54%; 20%-23%; 23%-50%, kandungan Corganik tanah sebesar 2,64% - 4,33%, kandungan Ntotal sebesar 0,19% - 0,27%, Kandungan P2O5; K2O; Ca; Mg; Na; Fe; Mn; Zn; Cu (total) berturut-turut sebesar 13-21mg/100g; 22-26mg/100g; 345-448mg/100g; 87-141 mg/100g; 37-48 mg/100g; 560-599mg/100g; 78-150mg/100g; 2-7 mg/100g ; 2-3 mg/100g yang masuk dan terkandung di lantai hutan. Produktivitas rumput Raja terbaik pada musim hujan yaitu berada di bawah tegakan Akasia aulococarpa yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata tinggi total, berat daun dan berat total berturut-turut sebesar 166,10 cm; 1,65 ton/ha; 4,57 ton/ha. Produktivitas rumput Raja terburuk pada musim hujan yaitu berada di bawah tegakan Mindi; Eucalyptus pellita; Jati yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata tinggi total, berat daun dan berat total berturut-turut sebesar 136,69 cm; 0,78 ton/ha; 2,55 ton/ha. Kualitas rumput Raja terbaik pada musim hujan yaitu berada di bawah tegakan Akasia aulococarpa dan Gamal yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata protein kasar dan serat kasar berturut-turut sebesar 19,36% dan 56,70%. Kualitas rumput Raja terburuk pada musim hujan yaitu berada di bawah tegakan Kayu putih dan Jati yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata protein kasar dan serat kasar berturut-turut sebesar 7,94% dan 47,70%

The distribution of Raja grass, especially in the beds 17 and 18 of the education forest Wanagama I, Banaran Village, Playen Subdistrict, Gunung Kidul Dictrict, might be found under 7 species of plantation forest stands, which were teak (Tectona grandis), Acacia mangium (A. mangium), Mimba (Azadirachta indica), Acacia aulacocarpa (A. aulokokarpa), Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus pellita), and Gamal (Gliricidia sepium). Though there have been many studies of various species of grass grooving in various places, the information of the production and the quality of Raja grass in the condition under different plantation forest stands was still highly limited. The study aimed at evaluating the condition of the place where the green fodder of Raja grass for livestock, the productivity and the quality of the green fodder grown under various species of plantation forest stands of Wanagama I in wet and dry seasons. The study was conducted by preparing study plots of 1 x 1 m2 under the 7 species of the stands with 2 repetitions that there are 14 plots per season. The results of the study showed that the best place in wet season was under the stands of Akasia aulococarpa with the sunlight intensity of 175.36 – 193.93 foot candle, the mean atmospheric and soil temperatures are 33.97°C – 37.30°C and 26.50°C – 30.57°, respectively, the mean atmospheric and soil humidity are 49.40% – 53.86% and 48.62% – 54.36%, the mean pH of 6.53 – 6.87 and the soil texture elements of sand, dust and clay were 28%-54%, 20%-23% and 23%-50%, the organic C content of 2.64% - 4.33%, the total N content of 0.19% - 0.27%, the total P2O5, K2O, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents were 13-21 mg/100 g, 22-26 mg/100 g, 345-448 mg/100 g, 87- 141 mg/100 g, 37-48 mg/100g,; 560-599 mg/100 g, 78-150 mg/100g, 2-7 mg/100 g and 2-3 mg/100 g, respectively in the forest floor. The best productivity of the Raja grass in wet season was found under the species of Akasia aulococarpa with its mean total height value, leaf weight and total weight of 166.10 cm, 1.65 ton/ha, 4.57 ton/ha. The worst productivity of the grass was found under the species of Mindy (Eucalyptus pellita) and Jati (teak) with its total height value, the leaf weight and the total weight of 136.69 cm, 0.78 ton/ha, 2.55 ton/ha. The best quality of the Raja grass in the wet season was found under the species of the Akasia aulococarpa and Gamal stands with its mean gross protein and fiber contents of 19.36% and 56.70%. The worst quality of the Raja grass was found under the species of Kayu Putih and Jati stands with its mean total gross protein and fibber contents of 7.94% and 47.70%.

Kata Kunci : Raja grass production and Raja grass quality