Pengelolaan Perumputan Dalam Upaya Penanganan Penurunan Keragaman Hayati Melalui Pendekatan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat (Kasus Di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi)

Gunawan, Prof. Dr. Ir. Djoko Marsono

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi dan memetakan kegiatan perumputan dari dimensi sosial-budaya masyarakat; (2) mengkaji dampak kegiatan perumputan dari tinjauan penurunan keragaman hayati; (3) menyusun alternatif solusi pengelolaan terhadap perumputan berbasis model konservasi TNGM. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif-kualitatif. Pra-lapangan, dilakukan dengan interpretasi Citra Satelit Quickbird terhadap Resort Pakem Turi untuk pengklasifikasian Unit Komunitas. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dalam pengukuran indeks diversitas pada unit-unit komunitas. Data kualitatif diperoleh dengan pendekatan grounded, sedangkan dalam pengumpulan data dilakukan teknikfree and indepth interview dan participatory observation. Pengolahan data kuantitatif dilakukan dengan analisis vegetasi dan tingkat kemiripan komunitas. Analisa data kuantitatif menghasilkan kecenderungan kenaikan/penurunan indeks diversitas dan pengelompokan unit komunitas. Pengolahan data kualitatif dilakukan dengan metode perbandingan tetap, meliputi reduksi, kategorisasi, sintesis dan penyusunan ide. Metode ini menghasilkan gambaran mendalam terhadap perumputan sehingga diperoleh alternatif solusi. Kecenderungan penurunan keragaman hayati ditunjukkan oleh penurunan indeks diversitas tingkat semai, pancang, tiang, dan pohon. Pembandingan terhadap unit komunitas tidak terintervensi perumputan menunjukkan tingkat indeks keragaman hayati lebih tinggi dibanding unit komunitas terintervensi perumputan. Perumputan memiliki pola lokasi, sebaran, dan jenis pakan yang dimanfaatkan. Pola perumputan terjadi secara sporadis (tersebar) dan tidak memperhitungkan aspek topografi. Perumputan memiliki dimensi sosial budaya yang kuat. Dimensi sosial perumputan memiliki konteks yang menunjukkan status sosial, stratifikasi sosial, interaksi dan perilaku sosial. Perumputan dari dimensi budaya mengkonstruksi budaya subsisten masyarakat meskipun mulai terjadi pergeseran oleh penetrasi kapitalisme. Peta stakeholder perumputan dan peta pohon perumputan menunjukkan kepentingan dan konflik parapihak yang terlibat perumputan. Alternatif solusi penanganan perumputan meliputi penanganan pendekatan mediasi konflik antarpihak; dan manajemen sebab-akibat. Model pengelolaan perumputan dapat dikelola dalam tata kelola zonasi TNGM dengan pendekatan penataan partisipatif.

This research aims to (1) identify and mapping of grassing activity from socio-cultural dimension; (2) study the grassing activity impact for biodiversity declining evaluation; (3) arrange the alternative solution for grassing field based on TNGM conservation model. The research uses the Quantitative and Qualitative approaches. Before research going, first step is done by the interpretation of Quick bird satellite image to Pakem Turi Resort for classification of community units. Quantitative Data is obtained by biodiversity index measurement in the community units. The qualitative data is obtained with the grounded approach, while the data collecting is done by free and in-depth interview and participation observation techniques. The quantitative Data-Processing is done by the vegetation analysis and the closed similarity analysis in the all community units. The quantitative data analyzing yields the increasing or declining trend of biodiversity indices and the subdividing of community units. The qualitative Data-Processing is done by the Constant Comparative Method, contain of reduction, categorization, synthesis and idea compilation. This method yields the thick description to the grassing field so is obtained the alternative solution. Trend of biodiversity degradation is shown by declining of diversity indices in the strata of seedling, sapling, poles, and trees. The comparing to the community units which is not intervened by the grassing show the diversity level is higher than the community units which are intervened by the grassing. The grassing has the location pattern, spreading pattern, and exploited grass type. The grassing pattern happens sporadically and do not reckon the topography aspect. The grassing field has the strong socio-cultural dimension. The social dimension represents the context about social status, social stratification, social behavior and interaction. The grassing field from cultural dimension constructs the subsistent culture though it’s happen the friction by capitalism penetration. Stakeholder map and tree grassing map show the importance interest and conflict of stakeholders which are concerned in grassing field. The alternative solution to handle the grassing field contain of; the handling with the stakeholder conflict mediation approach and the causes and impact’s management. The model management for grassing field problem can be managed by arranging of zones management with the participative approach.

Kata Kunci : Perumputan, Keragaman hayati, Sosial-budaya, Pengelolaan