VARIASI GENETIK PRODUKSI GETAH UJI KETURUNAN Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese DI KPH BANYUMAS BARAT

IMAM MUSLIMIN, Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Moh. Na’iem, M.Agr, Sc.,

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi genetik, heritabilitas dan perolehan genetik harapan produksi getah serta korelasi genetik dan fenotipik produksi getah dengan tinggi dan diameter pohon P. merkusii. Penelitian dilakukan pada uji keturunan half-sib P. merkusii umur 4 tahun di Petak 37C RPH Lumbir BKPH Samudra KPH Banyumas Barat. Uji keturunan menggunakan rancangan Incomplete Block dengan Row Column Design sistem sub galur yaitu sub galur KBS Jember, Sulawesi 1, KBS Sumedang, Sulawesi 2 dan Jatim 2. Variabel yang diukur adalah diameter setinggi dada, tinggi pohon dan rerata produksi getah dari dua pengeboran di sebelah kanan dan kiri batang searah kontur. Kecuali pada sub galur KBS Jember, terdapat variasi genetik produksi getah antar famili dengan persentase taksiran komponen varians sebesar 8,92%; 7,53%; 9,87% dan 6,74% untuk sub galur KBS Sumedang, Sulawesi 2, Sulawesi 1 dan Jatim 2. Heritabilitas individu sebesar 0,39; 0,36; 0,42, 0,29 dan heritabilitas famili sebesar 0,59; 0,50; 0,49; 0,48 untuk sub galur KBS Sumedang, Sulawesi 2, Sulawesi 1 dan Jatim 2. Peningkatan genetik harapan individu produksi getah rata-rata sebesar 14,5%, 10,5% dan 6,6% pada intensitas seleksi 10%, 25% dan 50%. Perolehan genetik harapan tertinggi pada sub galur Sulawesi 1 dan terendah Jatim 2. Korelasi fenotipik produksi getah dengan tinggi pohon berkisar antara 0,31 dan 0,37, sedangkan antara produksi getah dengan diameter berkisar antara 0,34 dan 0,40. Korelasi genetik produksi getah dengan tinggi dan diameter pada sub galur KBS Sumedang sebesar (-0,07) dan (-0,59). Sedangkan pada sub galur Sulawesi 2, Sulawesi 1 dan Jatim 2 sebesar 0,50;0,62; 0,33 untuk produksi getahtinggi dan sebesar 0,83;0,86 dan 0,56 untuk produksi getah-diameter.

The research aimed to assess genetic variations, estimated heritability and genetic gain in resin yield as well genetic and phenotypic correlations between resin yield and growth of P. merkusii. The study was conducted on half-sib progeny test of 4-year-old P. merkusii plantation at compartment 37C RPH Lumbir BPKH Samudra KPH Banyumas Barat, using incompletely-block-row-column design by sub-line system (sub-line SSO Jember, Sulawesi 1, SSO Sumedang, Sulawesi 2 and Jatim 2). Variables measured were diameter, height and average of resin yield from two drillings on the right and left trunk using 10 mm drill bit at 50 cm height from the ground. Genetic variation for resin yield between family was significant different except for sub-line SSO Jember. Estimated component variances family were 8.92%; 7.53%; 9.87% and 6.74% respectively for the sub-line SSO Sumedang, Sulawesi 2, Sulawesi 1 dan Jatim 2. Individual heritability values were 0.39; 0.36; 0.42; 0.29 and family heritability were 0.59; 0.50; 0.49; 0.48 respectively for the sub-line SSO Sumedang, Sulawesi 2, Sulawesi 1 and Jatim 2. Expected genetic gains in resin yield were 14.5%, 10.5% and 6.6% in the intensity of selection by 10%, 25% and 50%. Sub-line Sulawesi 1 had the highest estimated genetic gain and sub-line Jatim 2 was the lowest. Phenotypic correlation between resin yield and tree height ranged from 0.31 to 0.37, whereas phenotypic correlation between resin yield and diameter ranged from 0.34 to 0.40. Genetic correlation between resin yield and tree height and diameter of sub-line SSO Sumedang were -0.07 and -0.59. Genetic correlation for sub-line Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2 and Jatim 2 respectively were 0.50; 0.62 and 0.33 for resin yield-tree height and 0.83; 0.86 and 0.56 for resin yield-diameter .

Kata Kunci : Pinus merkusii, uji keturunan, sub galur, produksi getah, variasi genetik, heritabilitas, korelasi genetik, perolehan genetik harapan.