GIGITAN ANJING TERDUGA RABIES PADA MANUSIA DI KABUPATEN LEBAK PROVINSI BANTEN TAHUN 2009-2011 :STUDI KASUS

HANIK MALICHATIN, drh. Heru Susetya, MP., Ph.D

2012 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Kasusgigitananjingdi Kabupaten Lebak sebanyak 94,8%darikeseluruhankasusgigitanhewanpenular rabies padamanusia dan terjadi sepanjang tahun.Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan faktorfaktor kasus gigitan anjing pada manusia di Kabupaten Lebak. Metode penelitian dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner pada 141 korban gigitan anjing terduga rabies tahun 2009-2011dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kasus gigitan anjing pada manusia tahun 2009-2011. Riwayat kasusgigitan adalah 67,4% tanpa provokasi, 40,4% pada siang hari, 61% bagian tubuh tergigit kaki, 85,1% kondisi luka berbentuk lubang bekas gigitan,98,6% korban hidup,dan jumlah gigitan per ekor anjing 1 orang.Karakteristik anjing yang terduga rabies adalah 73,9% anjing berpemilik tapi diliarkan, 54,8% jantan, 74,8% dewasa, 97,4% tidak divaksin, 55 ekor anjing terduga rabies kabur, 8 spesimen positif rabies, 7 spesimen negatif rabies, 4 spesimen rusak, 19 ekor anjing hidup setelah observasi, dan 22 bangkai anjing dibuang. Karakteristik korban gigitan adalah 51,1% laki-laki, 41,1% umur 6-15 tahun,63,1% berpendidikan SD, 36,9% pelajar, dan65,2% tidak berpenghasilan. Pengetahuan korban tentang rabies adalah 61% tidak tahucara penularan rabies, 96,5% belum pernah ikutpenyuluhan, 80,1% belum pernahmemperoleh informasi rabies dari media massa/leaflet/brosur, 63,1% membiarkan luka gigitan, 57,4% tidak laporke petugas kesehatan hewan, 96,5% lapor ke petugas kesehatan dan 98,6% setujueliminasi. Lokasi kasus di17 kecamatan, 65 desa/kelurahan, dan 95 kampung. Sarana prasarana yaitutidak adaperaturan adat cara pemeliharaan anjing, 99,3% tidak adasanksi pelanggaran bagi pemilik anjing, 85,2% jarak kampung kasus ke Puskeswan>30km, 38,9% jarak ke Puskesmas>10 km, 90,8% korban memperoleh VAR, 90,8% terdapat petugas kesehatan hewan dan terdapat petugas kesehatan di semua Kecamatan kasus. Karakteristik lingkunganyaitu 82,1% kampung kasus terdapat kebiasaan berburu dengan anjing, 85,3% terdapat anjing penjaga ladang/kebun/ternak,53,7% terdapat anjing penjaga diri,61% demografi pegunungan dan 92,6% terdapat hutan.Faktor-faktor kasus gigitan anjing terduga rabies di Kabupaten Lebak yaitu kontak manusia dengan anjing terduga rabies, cara pemeliharaan anjing yang diliarkan, populasi anjing liar danbanyaknya korban yang tidak mengetahui cara penularan rabies, sertakurangnya SDM dan sarana prasarana bidang kesehatan hewan, rendahnya cakupan vaksinasi,tidak ada peraturan dan sanksi pelanggaran bagi pemilik anjing. Lingkungan yang menjadi faktor kasus adalah kebiasaan berburu dengan anjing, penggunaan anjing sebagai penjaga ladang/kebun/ternak, penggunaan anjing sebagai penjaga diri dan keberadaan hutan.

Dog-bite case in Lebak District was 94,8% of the overall case of rabies reservoir bite in human and occured for the year. The aim of the study were to investigate the characteristics and factors of dog-bite in human at Lebak District. The study methods used were by questionnaire interview to 141 human victims of dog-bite suspected rabies in year 2009-2011 and observation. Data was analyze descriptive. The case became dicrease case of dog-bite in human in year 2009-2011. History of case were67,4% without provocation,40,4% in the mid day,61% bite in leg,85,1%hole-like bite wound, 98,6% victims were alive,and number of bite per dog was 1 person. Characteristics of dog were 73,9% dog have owner but free ranging, 54,8% were male, 74,8% were adults, 97,4% were unvaccinated, 55 dog suspected rabies were escape, 8 specimen were rabies positive, 7 specimen were rabies negative, 4 specimen were damage, 19 dog were alive until the end of the observation, and 22 of dog-dead body were throw away. Characteristics victim were51,1% were man, 41,1% age of 6-15 years old, 63,1% were elementary school educated, 36,9% were students, and 65,2% were unemployed.Victims knowledge of rabies, were61% were uninformed about rabies route transmission, 96,5% were uneducated, 80,1% were uninformedabout rabies from mass media/leaflet/brocure, 63,1% ignored ofwound bite, 57,4% were not reported there the bite case to animal health officer, 96,5% were reportthe bite case to health officer, and 98,6% were agree to elimination. Location of cases were in 17 subdistrict, 65 village, and 95 subvillage. Media and facilitieswere there not local regulation about dog rearing, 99,3% there were not punishment for the dog owners, 85,2% distance between village and Puskeswan were >30 km, 38,9% distance to Puskesmas were > 10 Km, 90,8% of victims acquired post exposure prophylaxis, 90,8% of animal health workers were available and there were health workers in all subdistrict case. Environmental characteristics were 82,1% subvillage have the habitual to hunt with dog, 85,3% dogs as guard dogs for field/farm/cattle, 53,7% dogs as self self guard, 61% demografy were mountains and 92,6% there were forest. Factors of rabies suspected dog bite in Lebak District are the interaction between human and rabies suspected dog, way maintenance dog of roaming, population of wild dog, low of coverage vaccination, high of victims dog-bite unknown transmitter of rabies, also low of facilities and human source of animal health, no rules and punishment for dog owners. Environment case factor werehabit of hunting with the dog, dog as keeper of field/farm/cattle, dog as a guard and forest availability.

Kata Kunci : rabies, studi kasus, Kabupaten Lebak, anjing, manusia