FAKTOR RESIKO TERJADINYA “POST CONCUSSION SYNDROME” PADA PASIEN CEDERA KEPALA RINGAN DI RUMAH SAKIT DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA PERIODE JULI-DESEMBER 2011

HERLIZON, dr. Wiryawan Manusubroto, Sp.B, Sp.B(K),

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ked.Klinik/MS-PPDS

PCS (Post Concussion Syndrome) adalah riwayat trauma kepala yang disertai dengan hilangnya kesadaran dan onset dari gejala Post Concussion Syndrome ini maksimum terjadi setelah 4 minggu dengan tiga atau lebih dari gejala dari nyeri kepala, pusing, malaise, fatigue, intoleransi terhadap kebisingan, iritable, depresi, kecemasan, labilitas dalam emosi, gangguan konsentrasi, gangguan memori, insomnia, dan hipokondria ketakutan akan adanya kerusakan otak. Lebih dari 60% pasien yang mengalami trauma kepala mengalami Post Concussion Syndrome. Beberapa faktor resiko yang diidentifikasi dapat memicu terjadinya Post Concussion Syndrome pada pasien cedera kepala ringan antara lain status sosial ekonomi yang rendah, adanya riwayat cedera kepala ringan sebelumnya, adanya nyeri kepala, terkait dengan urusan pekerjaan, jenis kelamin perempuan, dan usia lebih dari 40 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko Post Concussion Syndrome dengan cedera kepala ringan. Metode penelitian yang menggunakan adalah cohort historical. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan total sampling yaitu semua pasien cedera kepala ringan dari trauma yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta pada Periode Juli-Desember 2011. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, chi square dan persamaan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Secara parsial tidak ada hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, GCS, CT Scan dan keluhan nyeri dengan Post Concussion Syndrome pasien cedera kepala ringan yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Periode Juli-Desember 2011; (2) Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat pingsan dengan Post Concussion Syndrome pasien cedera kepala ringan yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Periode Juli-Desember 2011 dengan faktor resiko 13,5 kali; (3) Terdapat hubungan antara keluhan muntah dengan Post Concussion Syndrome pasien cedera kepala ringan yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Periode Juli-Desember 2011 dengan faktor resiko 6,5 kali; dan (4) Tidak ada hubungan antara terapi (neurotropik, istrirahan total dan edukasi) dengan Post Concussion Syndrome pasien cedera kepala ringan yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Periode Juli-Desember 2011.

PCS (Post Concussion Syndrome) is a history of head trauma accompanied by loss of consciousness and the onset of symptoms of Post Concussion Syndrome with maximum onset occurred after 4 weeks and followed by three or more of these symptoms : headache, dizziness, malaise, fatigue, intolerance to noise, irritability, depression, anxiety, emotional lability, impaired concentration, impaired memory, insomnia, hypochondria and risk of brain damage. More than 60% of the patients who had suffered head trauma followed by Post Concussion Syndrome. Identified several risk factors that can lead to Post Concussion Syndrome in patients with mild head injury include low social economic status, a history of mild head injury before, the presence of headache, associated with the business, female gender, and age over 40 years. This study aims to determine risk factors for Post Concussion Syndrome with mild head injury. The research method used is the historical cohort. Sampling technique with total sampling that is, all of mild head injury patients treated in the trauma department of Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital in the period July - December 2011. Data analysis using descriptive analysis, chi square and logistic regression equation. The results showed that: (1). Partially, there is no relationship between age, gender, GCS, CT scan and complaints of pain with Post Concussion Syndrome of mild head injury patients treated in the trauma department of Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital between July-December 2011; (2). There is a relationship between a complaint with Post Concussion Syndrome faint mild head injury patients of brain trauma treated in the trauma department of Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital between July - December 2011 with risk factors 13.5 times, (3). There is a relationship between vomiting complaint with Post Concussion Syndrome of mild head injury patients treated in the trauma department of Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital between July - December 2011 with risk factors 6.5 times, and (4). There is no association between therapy (neurotrophic, istrirahan total and education) and Post Concussion Syndrome of mild head injury patients treated in the trauma department of Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital between July - December 2011.

Kata Kunci : faktor resiko, Post Concussion Syndrome, cedera kepala ringan