IMPLIKASI PERUBAHAN SPASIAL DAN TEMPORAL CURAH HUJAN TERHADAP TIPE IKLIM OLDEMAN DAN POLA TANAM DI PULAU BALI

YANI SUMIANA, Dr. M. Pramono Hadi, M.Sc.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Perubahan iklim global berdampak kepada terjadinya perubahan spasial dan temporal curah hujan. Perubahan pola curah hujan berpengaruh terhadap kegiatan pertanian di Pulau Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui pola persebaran spasial dan temporal curah hujan periode 1981-2009 di Pulau Bali, (2) mengetahui perubahan spasial curah hujan periode 1970-2009 di Pulau Bali, (3) mengetahui perubahan temporal curah hujan periode 1970-2009 di Pulau Bali, dan (4) mengetahui implikasi perubahan spasial dan temporal curah hujan terhadap tipe iklim dan pola tanam di Pulau Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu survei instansional dan survei lapangan. Metoda yang digunakan untuk pengolahan data adalah dengan metoda statistik rata-rata bergerak (moving average), dan klasifikasi tipe iklim menurut Oldeman. Analisis hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menggunakan analisis spasial, analisis kuantitatif, dan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) persebaran spasial curah hujan periode 1981-2009 di Pulau Bali dipengaruhi oleh faktor topografi, sedangkan secara temporal dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas monsoon, (2) selama periode 1970-2009 telah terjadi perubahan persebaran spasial curah hujan yang berupa peningkatan curah hujan yang terjadi di hampir seluruh Pulau Bali, (3) selama periode 1970-2009 telah terjadi perubahan temporal berupa pergeseran musim pada 10 daerah di Pulau Bali, dan (4) perubahan zona agroklimat terjadi di daerah Negara, Pupuan, Tampaksiring, Besakih, Denpasar, Sukasada, Klungkung, Gianyar, dan Amlapura, sedangkan perubahan pola tanam terjadi di Pupuan, Besakih, Klungkung, Gianyar, dan Amlapura.

Global climate change affects the spatio-temporal changes in rainfall. Changes in rainfall patterns may affect to agriculture in Bali island. The objectives of the research were: (1) to know spatial and temporal distribution pattern of rainfall in period of 1981-2009 in Bali island, (2) to know spatial change of rainfall in period of 1970-2009 in Bali island, (3) to know temporal change of rainfall in period of 1970-2009 in Bali island, and (4) to know the implication of spatial and temporal change of rainfall towards climatic types and crop pattern in Bali island. This research collects data through institutional survey and fieldwork, which then analysed quantitatively using some calculating formulas and descriptively using graphs and tables. The method of this research used moving average, and Oldeman climatic classification. The analysis to results and discussion used spatial analysis, quantitative analysis, and qualitative analysis. The result of the research indicate that: (1) distribution of rainfall period of 1981-2009 in Bali island spatially is affected by topography factor, while temporally is strongly influenced by monsoon activity, (2) during the period of 1970-2009 in Bali island has been a change of spatial distribution due to increased rainfall all over the island, (3) during the period of 1970-2009, rainfall in Bali island has been a change of temporal due to the shifting of season, (4) some of the areas that has been a change in climate type are Negara, Pupuan, Tampaksiring, Besakih, Denpasar, Sukasada, Klungkung, Gianyar, dan Amlapura. While some of the areas that has changed in the cropping pattern is Pupuan, Besakih, Klungkung, Gianyar, dan Amlapura.

Kata Kunci : perubahan spasial dan temporal, curah hujan, tipe iklim Oldeman, pola tanam.