UJI KERENTANAN INSEKTISIDA ORGANOFOSFAT DAN DETEKSI TRANSMISI TRANSOVARIAL VIRUS DENGUE PADA Aedes aegypti DI KOTA KENDARI

MUHAIMIN SARANANI, Dr, drh, Sitti Rahmah Umniyati, SU,

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar dan Biomedis

Latar Belakang: Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus Dengue dan ditularkan melalui vektor nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Salah satu cara untuk mengendalikan vektor nyamuk yaitu melalui penggunaan insektisida organofosfat (malation dan temefos). Walaupun telah dilakukan aplikasi fogging fokus dengan insektisida sebelumnya dan diikuti dengan abatisasi selektif, sirkulasi virus dengue pada nyamuk Ae. Aegypti masih bisa terjadi karena virus Dengue secara persisten ditularkan secara transovarial yang meningkat frekuensinya sampai filial (F)-7. Tujuan: untuk memperoleh gambaran status kerentanan nyamuk Ae.aegypti terhadap insektisida organofosfat dan kemampuannya dalam menularkan virus Dengue secara transovarial di wilayah Kota Kendari Metode: Rancangan penelitian cross-sectional, populasinya larva dan nyamuk Ae. aegypti asal telur generasi F1, sampel diambil berdasarkan survei entomologi melalui peletakan ovitrap, dikolonisasi dan dilakukan uji. Uji biokimiawi dan Uji hayati dilakukan untuk mengetahui status kerentanan nyamuk terhadap insektisida organofosfat, sedangkan uji imunohistokimia pada sediaan head squash dilakukan terhadap nyamuk betina dewasa umur 1 minggu belum pernah menghisap darah untuk mengetahui gambaran indeks transmisi transovarial virus dengue. Hasil: Uji biokimiawi larva Ae.aegypti secara kualitatif dan kwantitatif di daerah endemis tinggi dan rendah menunjukan status resisten terhadap insektisida organofosfat, namun didaerah endemis tinggi memiliki persentase lebih tinggi daripada endemis rendah. Uji hayati larva Ae.aegypti terhadap temefos kedua daerah endemis menunjukan status resisten, sedangkan terhadap malathion kedua daerah endemis menunjukan status rentan. Indeks Transmisi Transovaril (ITT) didaerah endemis tinggi lebih tinggi 26% daripada didaerah endemis rendah 12%. Simpulan: Nyamuk Ae.aegypti di daerah endemis tinggi dan rendah menunjukan status resisten terhadap insektisida organofosfat (temefos) tapi rentan terhadap malation. Indeks Transmisi Transovarial Ae. aegypti terhadap virus Dengue di daerah endemis tinggi secara bermakna lebih tinggi dari daerah endemis rendah.

Background: Dengue Haemoragic Fever disease which caused by dengue virus and spread by both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Vectors were controlled through organofosfat insecticide usage (melathion and temefos), although the fogging with inseticide focused have been applied and followed by abatisasi selective, dangue virus circulation in Aedes aegypti might be still occured because the presistence of Aedes aegypti were spread through transovarial where the frequency increased filial (F)-7. Objectives: To proof susceptible status on Aedes aegypti towards organofosfat insecticide and its potency to infect dangue virus through transovarial at Kendari. Method: Design of the study was cross-sectional. Population of the study was larva and Aedes aegypti from F1’s egg generation. Biochemist and biological test are done to detect the suspectability status of Ae aegypti towards organophospate insecticide, whereas immunohistochemist on head squash means was done towards 1 week adult female Ae. Aegypti which has never been sucking the blood to figure out the transmission transovarial index of dengue virus. Result: Aedes aegypti larva with biochemist test at high and low endemic areas qualitatively showed the average of resistence status towords organofosfat insecticide, however high endemic area showed a higher precentage than low endemic area. Bioessay test on Aedes aegypti larva towards temefos for both endemic areas showed equal on the resistance status, and those areas also showed equal on susceptible status towards malathion. Transovarial Transmission Indeks (TTI) at high endemic area was higher 26 % than at low endemic area was 12 %. Conclusion: The percentage of Aedes aegypti Larva which resists towords organofosfat insectiside at high endemic area (Kelurahan Kadia) was higher meaningful than at low endemic area (Kelurahan Kambu) temefos had been resistence, Malathion is still being suspectible. Transovarial Transmission Indeks (TTI) of Aedes aegepty towards Dengue virus at high endemic area was higher meaningfull than at low endemic area.

Kata Kunci : Ae.aegypti, status kerentanan, senyawa organofosfat, virus Dengue, transmisi transovarial, Kota Kendari