PSIKOEDUKASI HIV DAN AIDS “BIDAN CANTIK” SEBAGAI MODEL ALTERNATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN BIDAN PUSKESMAS

ANDRIAN LIEM, Dr. M.G. Adiyanti, Psi.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Profesi Psikologi

Bidan berperan dalam pencegahan penularan HIV dari-ibu-ke-anak karena berhadapan langsung dengan calon ibu dan ibu hamil. Akan tetapi pelayanan bidan puskesmas dinilai belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan pelayanan bidan puskesmas melalui psikoedukasi HIV dan AIDS berbasis pendekatan Safer practices- Available Medication-Voluntary counselling and testing-Empowerment and education (SAVE) bernama “BIDAN Cerdas dan Empatik (CANTIK)”. Desain yang digunakan adalah action research dengan intervensi kuasi eksperimen non random untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. Sebanyak 12 bidan puskesmas menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan 12 lainnya menjadi kelompok kontrol. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes pengetahuan HIV dan AIDS, skala sikap HIV, lembar observasi konsultasi penuh perhatian dan empatik (KPPE), dan sosialisasi HIV-AIDS. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan melalui uji statistik mixed design ANOVA dan analisis kualitatif berbentuk deskriptif naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa psikoedukasi BIDAN CANTIK dapat meningkatkan pelayanan bidan puskesmas. Pelayanan bidan meningkat melalui peningkatan pengetahuan tentang HIV (F=28,106;p<0,0001). Akan tetapi BIDAN CANTIK tidak signifikan dalam menurunkan sikap (negatif) terhadap HIV (F=2,085;p>0,05) dan meningkatkan konsultasi penuh perhatian dan empatik. BIDAN CANTIK tidak dapat mendorong para bidan untuk mensosialisaikan HIV dan AIDS kepada pasien poli KIA. Salah satu penghambat dalam menurunkan sikap (negatif) bidan dan mendorong sosialisasi HIV dan AIDS adalah faktor sosial-budaya.

Midwives play significant role in preventing HIV transfusion from mother to child since they directly deal with prospective mothers and pregnant women. However, it is considered that the quality services of midviwes have not met the maximum standards. The purpose of the study was to improve the quality service of midwives stationed at public health center through psychoeducation on HIV and AIDS based on Safer practices-Available Medication-Voluntary counselling and testing-Empowerment and Education (SAVE) approach referred to as Smart and Emphatic Midwives or “BIDAN Cerdas dan Empatik (CANTIK)” program. The design of the study was action research with quasi eksperiment method using non random untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. The participants were 24 midwives working at public health center (12 to experiment group and 12 to control group). The research instruments used were HIV and AIDS knowledge test, negative attitude towards HIV scale, emphatic and caring consultation (ECC) observation sheet, and HIV and AIDS socialization. Quantitative analysis was conducted through statistical test using mixed design ANOVA and qualitative analysis was conducted in the form of narrative description. The result of the study showed that BIDAN CANTIK psychoeducation program might improve the quality service of midwives at public health center. It was due to the improvement of knowledge on HIV (F=28,106; p<0,0001). However, BIDAN CANTIK psychoeducation program did not significantly decrease negative attitude towards HIV (F=2,085; p>0,05) and improve ECC. BIDAN CANTIK psychoeducation program was not succeeded in encouraging midwives to socialize HIV and AIDS to the patients of Health of Mother and Children polyclinic. One of the obstacles in reducing negative attitude of midwives and in encouraging them to socialize HIV and AIDS was socio-cultural factor.

Kata Kunci : psikologi kesehatan, psikoedukasi HIV dan AIDS, PMTCT, SAVE