PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA PELESTARIAN EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE Kasus Di Wilayah Kepesisiran Kota Dobo Kabupaten Kepulauan Aru Provinsi Maluku

WILLIEM DAVID FREDRIK GAINAUGASIRAY, Prof. Dr. Totok Gunawan, MS.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Pengelolaan Lingkungan

Hutan mangrove penting keberadaannya karena memberikan fungsi ekologis dan ekonomi bagi kehidupan masyarakat pesisir. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pelestarian ekosistem hutan mangrove merupakan upaya penanggulangan dan pencegahan terjadinya kerusakan ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengidentifikasi permasalahan lingkungan akibat pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam di wilayah pesisir Kota Dobo dan pengaruhnya terhadap eksosistem hutan mangrove, 2) mengetahui tingkat persepsi dan peranserta masyarakat terhadap ekosistem hutan mangrove, 3) mengetahui kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah memberdayakan masyarakat dalam upaya pelestarian ekosistem hutan mangrove, dan 4) merumuskan strategi pelestarian ekosistem hutan mangrove berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat di wilayah kepesisiran kota Dobo. Penelitian ini mengadopsi metode rancangan studi kasus, penelitian deskriptif dan penelitian survei. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif untuk menjelaskan variabel-variabel yang berkaitan dengan proses dan potensi pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam pembangunan dibidang pertanian dan kehutanan, perikanan dan kelautan serta bidang lingkungan hidup untuk mengidentifikasi peluang dan tantangan memberdayakan masyarakat serta merumuskan langkah stategis dalam upaya pelestarian ekosistem hutan mangrove. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hutan mangrove di wilayah kepesisiran Kota Dobo mengalami degradasi akibat pemanfaatan sumberdaya yang tidak terkontrol. Sebanyak 80% masyarakat memiliki tingkat persepsi tinggi terhadap pengelolaan ekosistem hutan mangrove namun sebanyak 81,67% masyarakat memiliki tingkat peranserta rendah dalam penyuluhan dan sebanyak 68,33% masyarakat memiliki tingkat peranserta sedang dalam penanaman hutan mangrove. Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah memberdayakan masyarakat dalam pelestarian ekosistem hutan mangrove dilakukan melalui sosialisasi, penyuluhan, pemberian dana rangsangan dan bantuan operasional serta pelatihan dan pendampingan. Pelestarian ekosistem hutan mangrove berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat dapat dilakukan melalui program strategis; 1) optimalisasi kebijakan dan rencana pengelolaan lingkungan dan sumberdaya alam wilayah kepesisiran, 2) penataan dan penguatan kapasitas SKPD terkait dalam pelestarian dan/atau pengelolaan ekosistem hutan mangrove berbasis pemberayaan masyarakat, dan 3) penataan dan penguatan kapasitas dan peranserta masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ekosistem hutan mangrove, sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan di wilayah kepesisiran Kota Dobo

Mangrove forest’s existence is important because it gives ecology and economy function for coastal community viability. The community’s empowerment regarding to the preservation of the mangrove forests’ ecosystem belongs to the efforts to mitigate and prevent any damage upon the mangrove forests to take place. This research aims to: 1) identify environmental issues due to the utilization of the natural resources in the coastal areas of Dobo city and its impacts toward the mangrove forests’ ecosystem, 2) examine the level of perception and participation of the community upon the mangrove forests’ ecosystem, 3) examine the local government’s policy empowering the community in relation to the efforts done upon the conservation of the mangrove forests’ ecosystem, and 4) formulate strategies regarding to the conservation of the mangrove forests’ ecosystem derived from the community empowerment of the coastal areas of Dobo city. This research adopts the draft methods of case studies, descriptive studies, and surveys. The data analysis was done by using descriptive methods to explain variables related to the processes and potentials of such community empowerment in relation to the development of agriculture, fishery and marine, and environment to define opportunities and challenges in empowering the community along with formulating the strategic steps to try to keep the mangrove forests’ ecosystem preserved. The research findings show that the mangrove forests in the coasts of Dobo city encounter degradation due to uncontrolled resource utilization. As many as 80% of the community has a high level of perception regarding to the management of the mangrove forests’ ecosystem while 81.67% of them has a low level of participation regarding to the counseling and 68,33% of them has a medium level of participation regarding to the cultivation. The local government’s policy upon the community empower to the conservation of mangrove forests’ ecosystem by socialization, education, stimulus funding and operational support, training and mentoring. Preservation of mangrove forests ecosystem based on community empowerment can be done by strategic programs: 1) optimization of policies and plans for environmental and coastal natural resource management, 2) govenrment restructuring and capacity building to the preservation of mangrove forest ecosystem based on community empowerment and 3) restructuring and strengthening the community capacity and participation to management mangrove forest ecosystems, coastal natural resources and environment in Dobo City.

Kata Kunci : Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Pelestarian, Mangrove