IDENTIFIKASI DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS PADA PASIEN PEDIATRIK DI BANGSAL RAWAT INAP RSUD ABUNAWAS KENDARI PERIODE NOVEMBER 2011- JANUARI 2012

Moldefya Wahid Ado, Prof. Dr. Lukman Hakim, M.Sc., Apt.

2013 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Farmasi Klinik

Latar belakang : Pasien pediatrik harus diprioritaskan dalam penanganan DRPs karena kondisi fisiologisnya masih belum sempurna sehingga faktor-faktor metabolisme dan absorbsi obat tidak bisa disamakan begitu saja dengan pasien dewasa. Kejadian kesalahan dalam pengobatan serta risiko kesalahan yang serius pada pediatrik lebih sering terjadi dibandingkan pada orang dewasa dan mungkin terkait dengan masalah perhitungan dosis, tidak adanya standar dosis bagi pediatrik, tidak terdapat bentuk sediaan dan formulasi yang sesuai serta penggunaan indikasi maupun dosis obat secara „off-licence’. Penelitian mengenai Drug Related Problems (DRPs) pada pasien pediatrik di RSUD Abunawas Kendari belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil Drug Related Problems dan persentase dari tiap-tiap kategori DRPs pada pasien pediatrik di bangsal rawat inap RSUD Abunawas Kendari. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat observasional dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah pasien pediatrik yang dirawat inap dalam periode November 2011 - Januari 2012 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Materi yang diteliti adalah jenis DRPs yang meliputi indikasi butuh obat, obat tanpa indikasi yang sesuai, ketepatan pemilihan obat/obat salah, dosis lebih, dosis kurang, adverse drug reaction dan kegagalan menerima obat. Data diperoleh dari catatan rekam medik dan wawancara dengan pasien atau keluarga, dokter dan perawat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil dan Kesimpulan : Subyek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 100 pasien, dimana 87 pasien (87%) mengalami masalah terkait obat dan sisanya 13 pasien (13%) tidak. Terdapat 157 kejadian Drug Related problems dengan rincian sebagai berikut : indikasi butuh obat 0 kejadian (0 %), mendapat obat tetapi tanpa indikasi yang jelas 51 kejadian (32,48 %), obat salah 21 kejadian (13,38 %), dosis kurang 13 kejadian (8,28 %), dosis lebih 12 kejadian (7,64 %), adverse drug reaction 48 kejadian (30,58 %) dan pasien tidak menerima obat 12 kejadian (7,64 %).

Background: Pediatric patients must be given priority over the management of the Drug Related Problems (DRPs) since their physiological condition have not been perfect so that the factors such as metabolism and drug absorption cannot be treated equal to adult patients. The incidence of medication errors and risk of serious errors on pediatric patients occurs more frequently than that of on adult patients. It might be related to the problem of dose calculation, the absence of dose standard for pediatric patients, the absence of appropriate dosage form and formulation, the use of drug indication and dose through “off-license”. A research on the Drug Related Problems (DRPs) on pediatric patients at Abunawas Hospital Kendari has not yet been conducted. Objective: This research was aimed at identifying the profile of the Drug Related Problems and the percentage of each category of DRPs on pediatric patients at the ward of Abunawas Hospital Kendari. Method: This research belongs to observational research in which data were collected prospectively. The research subjects were pediatric patients hospitalized in the period of November 2011 – January 2012 and meeting the inclusion criteria. The researched materials were types of DRPs including indication of the need for additional drug, drug without clear indication, inappropriate drug, too high dose, too low dose, adverse drug reaction and failure to receive drug. Data were obtained from medical records and interview with patients, families, doctors and nurses. The obtained data were analyzed quantitatively and analyzed descriptively. Result and Conclusion: The research subjects who met the inclusion criteria were 100 patients, in which 87 patients (87%) experienced the drug related problems and the rest of 13 patients (13%) did not. There were 157 incidence of the Drug Related problems with the following detail: 0 incidence of the indication of need for additional drug (0%), 51 incidences of receiving drug without clear indication (32.48%), 21 incidences of inappropriate drug (13.38%), 13 incidences of too low dose (8.28%), 12 incidences of too high dose (7.64%), 48 incidences of adverse drug reaction (30.58%), and 12 incidences of not receiving drugs (7.64%).

Kata Kunci : Drug Related Problems, pasien pediatrik, RSUD Abunawas Kendari