UJI TOKSISITAS SUB KRONIS DAN EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK METANOLIK RUMPUT MUTIARA (Hedyotis corymbosa Lamk.) TERHADAP KANKER PAYUDARA PADA MODEL MENCIT (Mus musculus) C3H

Yustin Nur Khoiriyah, S.Si, Prof (ret). Dra. Sukarti Moeljopawiro, M.App.Sc., Ph.D.,

2012 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Kanker payudara adalah salah satu jenis kanker yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian pada wanita di berbagai belahan dunia. Kini penggunaan obat kanker alami sebagai terapi komplementer bagi proses penyembuhan kemoterapi, radioterapi ataupun pembedahan banyak dianjurkan oleh kalangan medis. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai agen terapi komplementer kanker adalah Rumput mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa L.). Agar bahan alam dapat dipakai untuk pengobatan harus melalui beberapa uji pada hewan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui toksisitas sub kronis ekstrak metanolik Rumput mutiara terhadap mencit sehat dan menganalisis efektifitas ekstrak metanolik Rumput mutiara terhadap kanker payudara pada model mencit C3H. Penelitian merupakan penelitian eksperimental RAL. Uji toksisitas sub kronis terhadap 4 kelompok mencit, yaitu kontrol, kelompok ekstrak dosis 1,5; 15 dan 30 mg/20gBB/hari. Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan 5x dalam seminggu berturut-turut selama 8 minggu secara per oral. Respon perilaku, sensorik, pernafasan, kematian mencit diamati setiap hari dan berat badan mencit ditimbang seminggu sekali. Sehari setelah akhir perlakuan, mencit dinekropsi untuk dilihat histopatologis organ hepar, ren dan intestinum dengan pewarnaan hematoksilineosin (HE). Uji efektifitas selama 21 hari terhadap 3 kelompok mencit, yaitu kontrol pelarut, kelompok yang diberi ekstrak setelah 24 jam transplantasi dan kelompok yang diberi ekstrak setelah nodul kanker teraba. Pada hari ke-22, nodul kanker dibuat preparat histologis, ekspresi protein COX-2 dianalisis secara imunohistokimia dan indeks proliferasi sel kanker dengan teknik AgNOR. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Analisis variansi tunggal (one way Anava) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD0,05 jika berbeda nyata. Hasil uji toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa makin tinggi dosis perlakuan, kerusakan struktur sel hepar, ren dan intestinum makin banyak. Namun sampai dosis 15mg/hari, kategori kerusakan sel tergolong ringan (nilai skala kerusakan dibawah 2). Uji efektifitas menunjukkan nilai mAgNOR dan ekspresi COX-2 kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dibanding kontrol secara nyata (p<0,05). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanolik Rumput mutiara tidak toksik terhadap mencit sehat. Ekstrak metanolik Rumput mutiara juga mampu menghambat pertumbuhan kanker dengan menekan aktifitas proliferasi dan menurunkan ekspresi COX-2 kanker payudara pada model mencit C3H.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer caused death in women. Recently, herbal medicines are widely used to treat cancer. Rumput mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa Lamk.) displays anticancer activities. Scientific studies of anticancer activity of Rumput mutiara on the growth of cancer are relatively very few. Therefore, the objective of this research was to know the effectivity of Rumput mutiara extracts on breast cancer C3H mouse model. Sub chronic toxicity study must be performed before effectivity studies. In these studies, the toxicity of Rumput mutiara extracts was also investigated. In sub chronic studies, 20 Swiss mice, 6 up to 8 weeks old, were used. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of 5. First group was used as a control, the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th groups were given 1,5 mg, 15 mg and 30 mg dose of Rumput mutiara methanolic extracts, respectively. Methanolic extracts of Rumput mutiara were administered orally, daily, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. During the administration, the symptoms of toxicity were recorded. One day after the administration of extracts halted, all mice were sacrificed, internal organs such as liver, kidney and intestine were removed and were fixed in Bouin for microscopic examination. For determining the effectiveness, 15 C3H mice were used. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5. First group was used as a control, second group was given Rumput mutiara methanolic extracts after 24 hours tumour injection, and the last group was given Rumput mutiara methanolic extracts at the end of latent period. Rumput mutiara methanolic extracts were given orally 15 mg/ day for 21 days. On the 22 th day of treatment, all mice were sacrificed. Cell proliferation were analyzed using AgNOR and COX-2 expression were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. In the sub chronic toxicity studies, the microscopic appearance of liver, kidney and intestine of treatment groups were significantly different from control. The destruction of cells were increased as the dose increased. But, the destructions of the cell were mild. The result of effectivity studies showed that mAgNOR score and the expression of COX-2 of treatment groups were significantly lower (p<0,05) than control. It could be concluded that methanolic extracts of Rumput mutiara was not toxic. Methanolic extracts of Rumput mutiara was able to inhibit cell proliferation and COX-2 expression in breast cancer of C3H mouse model.

Kata Kunci : Rumput mutiara, kanker payudara, toksisitas, efektifitas