PERAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TUMINTING KOTA MANADO

Robin Dompas, dr. Ova Emilia, M.Med, SpOG(K), Ph.D.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Persentase ASI eksklusif di Indonesia tahun 2008 = 24,6, pada tahun 2009 = 34,3% , Di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara tahun 2009 = 54,8%. di Kota Manado = 44,22%. Sedangkan persentase ASI eksklusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tuminting tahun 2009 = 44,8%. Persentase tersebut masih rendah dibandingkan dengan target nasional yaitu 80%. Faktor yang mempengaruhi rendahnya pemberian ASI eksklusif selain ibu yang berinteraksi langsung dengan bayi masih banyak faktor lain termasuk salah satunya adalah keluarga. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan antara peran keluarga dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tuminting Kota Manado. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional menggunakan rancangan cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Tuminting Kota Manado sejak bulan Juni sampai dengan Juli 2011. Besar sampel sebanyak 100 orang ibu dari keluarga yang mempunyai bayi usia 6-12 bulan dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah cluster sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah univariabel, bivariabel menggunakan Chi Square dan multivariabel menggunakan regresi logistik, stratifikasi, dan analisis kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian: Peran keluarga baik memiliki prevalensi pemberian ASI eksklusif lebih besar dibandingkan dengan peran keluarga tidak baik (RP=1,6; 95% CI= 1,01-2,56). Jumlah anggota keluarga bermakna tehadap pemberian ASI eksklusif (RP= 1,8; 95% CI = 1,05 – 3,31). Jumlah anak tidak bermakna terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif (RP=0,6; 95% CI = 0,45 – 1,07). Analisis regresi logistic menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh peran keluarga terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif. Uji Stratifikasi menunjukkan semakin besar anggota keluarga akan mempengaruhi ibu dalam pemberian ASI eksklusif. Kesimpulan: Prevalensi pemberian ASI eksklusif masih rendah dari target nasional dan ada hubungan antara peran keluarga dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif.

Background: The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia in 2008 and 2009 was 24.6% and 34.3%, respectively. In North Sulawesi Province in 2009 the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding was 54.8% and especially in Manado it reached 44.22%. Meanwhile, the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of Tuminting Health Center in 2009 was 44.8%. The percentage was still low compared to the national target which was 80%. Factors affecting the low exclusive breastfeeding were mothers who interacted directly with the infants and other factors including family. Objective: To determine the relationship between family roles and exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of Tuminting Health Center, Manado. Methods: This was an observational analytic study using a cross sectional design with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research was conducted at Tuminting health center of Manado Municipality from June to July 2011. The sample size was 100 mothers from families with babies aged 6-12 months meeting the inclusion criteria. The sampling technique was cluster sampling. Data collection used questionnaires with interviews. Analysis of the data used univariable, bivariable with chi square and multivariable with logistic regression, stratification, and qualitative analysis. Results: The good role of families had a greater prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding than the bad role of families (PR = 1.6 ; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.56). The number of family members had a significant relationship with exclusive breastfeeding (PR = 1.8, ; 95% CI = 1.05 to 3.31). The number of children did not have a significant relationship with exclusive breastfeeding (PR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.45 to 1.07). Logistic regression analysis showed that there was influence of the family role on exclusive breastfeeding. Stratification test showed that the greater family members affected the mothers in the provision of exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was still lower than the national target and there was a relationship between the role of the family and exclusive breastfeeding.

Kata Kunci : Peran keluarga, ASI eksklusif, Kota Manado