EFEK EKSTRAK TERPURIFIKASI DAUN JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale L.) PADA ORGAN AORTA TIKUS TERISOLASI DAN PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK SERTA FLAVONOID TOTALNYA

Abd. Malik, Prof. Dr. Suwidjiyo Pramono., DEA., Apt.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Hipertensi banyak diderita oleh masyarakat dunia khususnya di negaranegara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Penyakit ini dapat diobati dengan tumbuhan obat tradisional. Daun jambu mete adalah salah satu tumbuhan obat tradisional antihipertensi yang perlu dikembangkan dalam bentuk ekstrak terpurifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Daun Jambu Mete (ETDJM) pada organ aorta tikus terisolasi dan kadar fenolik serta flavonoid totalnya. Pengujian efek penghambatan kontraksi dan relaksasi dengan metode organ terisolasi menggunakan aorta tikus yang diinduksi dengan fenilefrin. Respon kontraksi dan relaksasi kontrol dan pemberian ETDJM akan terekam pada kertas rekorder. Rekaman respon kontraksi diukur untuk mendapatkan nilai Emaks dan pD2, sedangkan respon relaksasi dirubah mejadi % respon relaksasi. Selanjutnya penentuan kadar fenolik total dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteau dan flavonoid total dengan metode kolorimetri. ETDJM pada konsentrasi 0,5 dan 1,0 mg/mL mampu menghambat kontraksi organ aorta tikus terisolasi sebesar 25,72±4,09% dan 39,61±1,75% (p<0,05) serta mengubah nilai pD2 agonis fenilefrin dari 6,71±0,37 menjadi 6,23±0,24 dan 5,93±0,33 (p<0,05) secara berturut-turut. ETDJM 1,0 mg/mL berefek vasodilatasi pada organ aorta tikus terisolasi sebesar 13,11±0,72% (p<0,05). ETDJM mengandung fenolik total 19,78±0,62 % setara asam galat dan flavonoid total 1,97±0,006 % setara rutin.

Hypertension affects many people around the world especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. The disease can be treated with traditional medicinal plants. Cashew leaf is one of the traditional antihypertensive medicinal plants which is need to be developed in the form of purified extract. This study aimed to determine the effect of Purified Extract of Cashew Leaves (PECL) in isolated aortic rat and the total phenolic and flavonoid content. The evaluation of inhibitory effect of contraction and its relaxation effect was studied using isolated organ method in aortic rat induced by phenylephrine. Contraction and relaxation responses of control and administration PECL would be recorded on a paper recorder. The recording of the contraction response was measured to obtain Emax and pD2 value, while the relaxation response changed into percentage (%) relaxation response. Subsequent determination of total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteau method and total flavonoids by colorimetric method. The results showed that PECL at concentration of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL were able to inhibit the effect of contraction in isolated rat aorta organ was 25.72±4.09% and 39.61±1.75% (p<0.05) also changed the value of pD2 from 6.71±0.37 to 6,23±0,24 and 5.93±0.33 (p<0.05), respectively. Whereas the vasodilation effect of 1.0 mg/mL PECL was 13.11±0.72% (p <0.05). PECL contain total phenolic 19.78±0.62% equivalent to gallic acid and total flavonoids was 1.97±0.006% equivalent to rutin.

Kata Kunci : Ekstrak terpurifikasi, daun jambu mete, vasokontriksi, vasodilatasi, fenolik, flavonoid