PERAN BIDAN DESA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGELOLAAN DESA SIAGA DI KECAMATAN AMURANG TIMUR KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

Femmy K. Keintjem, Dra. Yayi Suryo Prabandari, M.Si, Ph.D

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Pembangunan kesehatan Indonesia untuk tahun 2010- 2014, diarahkan kepada peningkatan akses kesehatan dasar, murah dan terjangkau dengan prioritas utamanya antara lain adalah peningkatan kesehatan ibu, bayi, balita, dan keluarga berencana yang akan dicapai dengan strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat. Pada pelaksanaan desa siaga, bidan desa merupakan tenaga kesehatan yang banyak berperan dalam pengembangan kesehatan masyarakat sesuai dengan perannya, yaitu sebagai pendidik, penggerak, fasilitator, dan mediator dalam menggerakkan dan memberdayakan masyarakat untuk mencapai kemandirian dalam upaya peningkatan kesehatan khususnya pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Tujuan: Memperoleh gambaran tentang peran bidan desa dalam pengembangan kesehatan masyarakat melalui pengelolaan desa siaga di Kecamatan Amurang Timur. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari informan inti, yaitu bidan desa, dan informan pendukung, yaitu kepala desa, kader desa siaga, dan ibu balita. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tema. Hasil penelitian: Bidan di desa siaga Kecamatan Amurang Timur telah melaksanakan perannya dalam pengelolaan desa siaga, baik sebagai pendidik, penggerak, fasilitator maupun mediator. Dalam pelayanan kesehatan, peran bidan tidak semata-mata hanya memberikan tindakan medis kesehatan akan tetapi juga memberikan pengarahan atau bimbingan, memotivasi masyarakat, mentransfer ilmu dan mengajak warga untuk berpartisipasi dalam pelayanan kesehatan, serta menjembatani kegiatan masyarakat dan mencari dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Peran bidan di Kecamatan Amurang Timur belum maksimal, karena ada beberapa faktor yang menghambat perannya sebagai bidan desa. Di antaranya adalah bidan desa yang tidak tinggal di desa, tugas berfokus pada layanan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Sarana dan prasarana yang belum memadai, kurangnya pembinaan dari dinas kesehatan, dan kurangnya dukungan dari pemerintah desa, menyebabkan masih berkembang persalinan oleh dukun. Kesimpulan: Bidan di Kecamatan Amurang Timur telah menjalankan tugasnya sesuai dengan perannya sebagai pelayan kesehatan namun belum maksimal. Dalam menjalankan perannya, koordinasi dengan kepala desa untuk mengajak masyarakat terlibat aktif dalam pengelolaan desa siaga belum berjalan.

Background: Development of health in Indonesia from 2010 to 2014 is aimed to increase access to basic, low-price and achievable health with main priorities such as increasing health of mothers, babies, underfive- year children, and panned family, which will be achieved by a societal empowerment strategy. In performance of alert village, village midwives are health workers widely playing their roles in developing societal health according to their roles, namely as educators, motivators, facilitators, and mediators in moving and empowering society to achieve autonomy and effort to increase health, especially health care service to mothers and children. Objective: To get description about the roles of village midwives in developing societal health through management of alert village in subdistrict of Amurang Timur. Methods: This research was qualitative research using case study design. Subjects consisted of primary informants, village midwives; and secondary informants, village head, alert village cadres, and mothers of under-five-year children. Data were collected by in-depth interview and observation. The data were analyzed by theme analysis. Results: Village midwives in alert village, sub-district of Amurang Timur, had played its role in managing the alert village, as educators, motivators, facilitators, or mediators. In health service, roles of village midwives did not only give medical action of health, but also provide information or guidance, motivation, science transfer and mobilization of residents to participate in health service, and bridge societal activities and find supports from various parties. Roles of village midwives in sub-district of Amurang Timur had not been maximal, because there were some factors inhibiting their roles as village midwives. Some of them were village midwives who did not live in the villages, their tasks were focused on health service to mothers and children. Insufficient instruments and infrastructures, less information of health department, and less supports of village government, made residents want indigenous medical practitioners to help their delivery. Conclusion: Village midwives in the sub-district of Amurang Timur had implemented their tasks according to their roles as health providers, but their service had not been maximal. In playing their roles, coordination with village head to mobilize society to actively engage in managing the alert village had not worked well yet.

Kata Kunci : bidan desa, pengembangan kesehatan masyarakat, dan desa siaga