PROGRAM PENCEGAHAN NARKOTIKA, PSIKOTROPIKA, DAN ZAT ADIKTIF (NAPZA) BERBASIS SEKOLAH DI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Woro Triastuti,S.Km, Dr. Mubasysyir Hasanbasri, MA

2012 | Tesis | S2 Kesehatan Masyarakat/MMKO

Latar Belakang: Yogyakarta menempati peringkat ketiga secara nasional dalam hal penyalahgunaan napza. Dari tingkat pendidikan, SMA menduduki peringkat kedua (5%). Siswa dipandang kelompok masyarakat yang rentan terhadap penyalahgunaan napza. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut maka penelitian ini membuktikan apakah sekolah mampu mengatasi masalah napza dan pada akhirnya dapat menurunkan angka penyalahgunaan napza pada remaja. Tujuan: mengkaji kapasitas sekolah dalam pengelolaan program pencegahan napza yang meliputi koordinasi dan kerjsama; dan kebijakan nasional apakah dapat memperkuat intensitas kegiatan. Metode: menggunakan metode kualitatif dan rancangan penelitian adalah studi kasus. Subyek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, wakasek kesiswaan, dan guru BP. Hasil: Intensitas kegiatan pencegahan napza dalam kurun waktu satu tahun. Sekolah mempunyai kegiatan rutin dalam pengelolaan crisis center unit, pelatihan konselor sebaya, pelatihan ketahanan diri bagi siswa baru. Dan juga masih banyak kegiatan lain yang dilakukan termasuk melakukan kunjungan ke panti rehabilitasi, penyebaran leaflet, lomba poster, dan lomba debat bahasa Inggris tentang penyalahgunaan napza. Keseluruhan program dibawah manajemen tim pelaksana prevention unit. Tim ini bertanggung jawab untuk membuat buku tata tertib sekolah dan memonitor siswa terkait dengan perilaku penyalahgunaan napza. Koordinasi yang dilakukan sekolah bersifat formal. Sekolah melakukan kerjasama dengan institusi lain untuk mengatasi keterbatasan sumber daya yang dimiliki sekolah. Kesimpulan: Sekolah mempunyai kapasitas dalam melakukan upaya program pencegahan napza dengan cara mengelola kerjasama dengan institusi pendidikan, LSM yang menangani masalah penyalahgunaan napza, pihak kepolisian, dinas sosial, dan dinas kesehatan. Kebijakan sekolah telah mengacu pada kebijakan nasional. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa sekolah membutuhkan tenaga ahli yang khusus untuk menangani masalah napza. Pada akhirnya, Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan sebaiknya memberikan tugas dan wewenang kepada salah satu stafnya untuk mengelola program tersebut.

Background: Yogyakarta is one of the biggest number of drug abusers in Indonesia. Drug users who come from high school ranked second (5%) from other student groups. Students are vulnerable to drug abuse. In accordance with these problems, this research is able to give a scientific explanation and strong foundation whether the school is able to overcome drug abuse problems and in the end, it can reduce the number of drugs abuse case among adollescence. Objectives: This research observes school capacity in drugs prevention management such as coordination and networking, and national policy could strengthen the intensity of the school drugs prevention program. Methods: This observational study was conducted in 2005 in one high school in Yogyakarta. We interviewed school counselor, student academic supervisors, and teachers who were involved in drug prevention programs. Results: This study reported the intensity of the routine and independent activities related to prevention of drug abuse within one year period. The school has routine activities in the crisis center unit, peer counselor training, and self endurance training on new students. In addition, there are extra activities which include visits to drug rehabilitation centers, distribution of leaflets, posters competition, and English-language debate about the drug problems. All the programs are under the management of an integrated student ethical conduct team and drug prevention program. This team was responsible for producing “student ethical code book” and monitor students' drug-related behavior. Coordination in prevention programs have a formal mecanishm. School can manage networking with District Office of Education and Cultural, Grass root organization, police, District Office of Social Walfare, and Health District. Conclusions: This study concluded that the school has a capacity of carrying out drug prevention programs if they can manage networking with District Office of Education and Cultural, Grass root organization, police, District Office of Social Walfare, and Health District. The school policy has already been referred to the national policy. This study also shows that schools need to have specialized staff to manage programs which require exteral resources. To that end, the Ministry of Education and Cultural should assign a staff who is authorized to manage such program.

Kata Kunci : School health programme, pencegahan napza, public health regulation.