STATUS HUKUM ANAK LUAR KAWIN BERDASARKAN HUKUM WARIS ISLAM DAN KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA

Erla Pratidina, Yulkarnaen Harahab, S.H., MSi

2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Kenotariatan

Berdasarkan Hukum Islam maupun Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata anak yang lahir di luar perkawinan statusnya berbeda dengan anak sah. Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan karena sah tidaknya hubungan perkawinan. Nampaknya soal anak luar kawin di Indonesia tetap dipermasalahkan orang, walaupun secara konsepsional atau secara yuridis formal telah tersedia ketentuanketentuan hukum yang mengaturnya. Dalam masyarakat dan hukum sering terjadi kesimpangsiuran karena adanya perbedaan aturan hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status hukum anak luar kawin menurut Hukum Islam dan KUHPerdata dan mengetahui hak atas harta warisan bagi anak luar kawin menurut Hukum Islam dan KUHPerdata. Sifat penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pertimbangan bahwa titik tolak penelitian mengacu pada peraturan perundangundangan atau data kepustakaan. Sumber data terdiri dari Bahan Hukum Primer dan Bahan Hukum Sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data dengan cara studi dokumen atau kepustakaan. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian kepustakaan diolah dan dianalisis secara kualitatif, artinya analisis dengan menggunakan ukuran kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan pertama status hukum anak luar kawin menurut Hukum Islam dan KUHPerdata adalah anak luar kawin hanya memiliki hubungan hukum dengan ibu yang melahirkan, sedangkan dalam hubungan hukum dengan ayahnya terdapat perbedaan. Menurut hukum Islam anak zina tidak bisa dinasabkan kepada ayahnya atau keluarga ayahnya karena dalam hukum Islam tidak mengenal adanya pengakuan. Sedangkan menurut KUHPerdata, anak luar kawin bisa memiliki hubungan dengan ayahnya apabila ada pengakuan. Kedua hak atas harta warisan bagi anak luar kawin menurut Hukum Islam anak luar kawin tidak mendapatkan warisan dari ayahnya sedangkan anak luar kawin dalam KUHPerdata akan menerima warisan apabila telah diakui. Pewarisan anak luar kawin diatur dalam Bab XII bagian III buku II Pasal 862 sampai Pasal 873 Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata.

According to Islamic Law or Code of Civil Law, children conceive outside a marriage has different status compare to children conceive from a marriage. The difference is caused by legal status of the marriage. It seems that children conceive from outside a marriage is becoming an issue in Indonesia, although formally there are laws that regulate that. Misconception is often happened between society understanding and legal aspects because these two aspects states different opinions. The purpose of this research is to investigate the status of children conceives outside a marriage based on Islamic Law and Code of Civil Law and to understand the right of inheritance for those children based on the two laws. This research is normative juridical considering that the research is based on law and regulations, and also literature study. The source of literature study is coming from primary legal material (Bahan Hukum Primer) and secondary legal material (Bahan Hukum Primer). The methodology of this research is literature study. The analysis is conducted qualitatively using qualitative measures. The results of the research show that there is no difference in terms of the relation of children conceives from outside a marriage with their mother. Both a stated that that the children will only have legal relations with the mother. Meanwhile, in terms of the relation with the father, there are different between the two laws. According to Islamic Law, children conceive outside marriage cannot be related (nasab) to the father or the family of the father since in Islam, admittance is not known. On the other hand, according to the Code of Civil Law, children conceive outside marriage have the possibility to be related to the father as long as the father admit the children as theirs. Related to the rights of inheritance, Islamic Law states that the children conceive outside marriage do not have any rights from the father’s inheritance. Meanwhile, according to Code of Civil Law, these children will have the rights of inheritance as long as the children’s are already admitted by the fathers. In Civil Law, this matter is regulated in Chapter XII Section III Book II, Article 862 to Article 873 Code of Civil Law.

Kata Kunci : anak luar kawin, status hukum, hak waris