ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI MINYAK ATSIRI BIJI ADAS MANIS DAN PAHIT DENGAN METODA DISTILASI REBUS DAN KUKUS

DWI HERMAWANTI HAKIM, Prof. Dr. Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo

2012 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Sistem Teknik

Tanaman adas tumbuh subur dibeberapa daerah di Indonesia. Tanaman ini mengandung minyak atsiri yang sangat banyak manfaatnya. Ada dua varietas yang dikenal menghasilkan minyak atsiri berkualitas baik. Penelitian ini mencoba membandingkan kualitas dan kuantitas minyak adas manis dan adas pahit dengan metoda distilasi kukus dan rebus. Dua jenis biji adas masing-masing seberat 2,5 kg dihaluskan sampai membentuk serbuk kemudian didistilasi dengan metoda kukus dan rebus. Kondisi bahan baku sama, peralatan yang digunakan sama dan waktu distilasi sama yaitu 6 jam. Rendemen minyak yang diperoleh dihitung dan kemudian dilakukan uji kualitas untuk mengetahui sifat fisika dan kimianya. Sifat fisika meliputi berat jenis, putaran optik dan indeks bias, sedangkan kandungan senyawa kimia dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan alat GC- MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi adas pahit distilasi kukus yang menghasilkan minyak sebanyak 2,8% dan kandungan anetol tertinggi adas manis distilasi rebus sebanyak 82,52%. Sedangan rendemen terendah adas manis distilasi rebus yang menghasilkan minyak 1,7% dan kandungan anetol terendah adas pahit distilasi rebus sebanyak 66,9%. Sifat fisika tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan.

Fennel plants thrive in some areas in Indonesia. These plants contain essential oil that has much benefit. There are two varieties known to produce good‐quality essential oil. This study is attempted to compare the quantity and quality of bitter and sweet fennel oil resulted using water and water‐steam distillation. Two types of fennel seeds each weighs 2.5 kg crushed to powder form and then distilled by water and water-steam distillation method. The condotion of raw materials were the same as well as the equipments used. Whereas the time of distillation for all treatments was 6 hours. Oil yield obtained was calculated and then tested to determine the quality of physical and chemical properties. Physical properties include specific gravity, optical rotation and refractive index, while the content of chemical compounds was identified by using GC-MS. Based on this research shown the highest yield of bitter fennel with water‐ steam distillation method was as much as 2.8% and the highest oil content of anise anetol produced by the method of water distillation content was as much as 82.52%. While the lowest yield of distilled sweet fennel with 1.7% and the lowest content of bitter fennel water distilled was 66.9%. Physical properties showed no significant difference.

Kata Kunci : adas, distilasi, anetol, rendemen, GC-MS