STUDI PERBANDINGAN PERLAKUAN BAHAN BAKU DAN METODE DISTILASI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KUALITAS MINYAK ATSIRI SEREH DAPUR (Cymbopogon citratus)

SLAMET, Ir. Supranto, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Sistem Teknik

Indonesia kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan. Upaya pengembangan minyak atsiri Indonesia salah satunya melalui peningkatan pengembangan tanaman sereh dapur, yaitu salah satu tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang dikenal dengan nama Cymbopogon citratus. Minyak atsiri sereh dapur dalam industri kimia dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan kosmetik, parfum, deodorant, pewangi sabun, pembersih lantai dan deterjen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui rendemen tertinggi dari distilasi minyak atsiri sereh dapur menggunakan metode distilasi air, kukus, dan uap dengan perlakuan daun utuh dan rajang dan mengetahui kualitas minyak atsiri sereh dapur dengan perlakuan bahan baku dan metode distilasi yang berbeda, rancangan yang digunakan dengan 2 faktor yaitu: variasi perlakuan bahan baku (daun utuh dan daun rajang) dan variasi proses distilasi (distilasi air (rebus), distilasi kukus, dan distilasi uap. Data diperoleh dari analisis rendemen, berat jenis, indeks bias, dan kandungan senyawa sitral minyak atsiri sereh dapur (lemongrass oil). Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode distilasi, yaitu distilasi air, distilasi kukus, dan distilasi uap yang dilakukan terhadap sampel daun sereh dapur segar utuh dan rajang. Hasil penelitian dilakukan perhitungan rendemen dan pengujian fisika dan kimia, serta di analisis SPSS dengan metode One-Sample Statistics Test terhadap produk minyak atsiri sereh dapur. Berdasarkaan hasil penelitian tentang perlakuan bahan baku dan metode distilasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan bahan baku daun sereh dapur utuh dengan metode distilasi air (rebus) paling baik dengan kandungan rendemen 0,52%, sitral 71,84%, berat jenis 0,8967g/mL, dan indek bias 1,4905. Hal ini sesuai SNI 06-39-53-1995 yang menyebutkan bahwa rendemen 0,3%, berat jenis 0,8731 g/mL, dan indek bias 1,4586. Namun kandungan sitral belum memenuhi standar SNI yaitu 76,1%, tetapi sesuai dengan Guenther (2006) yang menyatakan kandungan sitral antara 65% sampai 85%.

Indonesia is rich in plant biodiversity. Indonesia volatile oil development efforts through increased development of one plant of lemon grass, which is one of the essential oil producing plants known as Cymbopogon citratus. Lemongrass essential oil in the chemical industry used as raw materials in the manufacture of cosmetics, perfume, deodorant, deodorant soap, floor cleaners and detergents. The purpose of this study was to determine the highest yield of lemongrass essential oil distillation using the method of water distillation, water-steam, and steam to the treatment of intact leaves and chopped leaves and know the quality of essential oil of lemongrass with the treatment of raw materials and different methods of distillation, the design used by two factors: variation in the treatment of raw material (whole leaves and chopped leaves) and the distillation process variation (distilled water (boiled), water-steam distillation and steam distillation. Data obtained from the analysis of yield, specific gravity, refractive index, and oil content of the compound citral essential (lemongrass oil). This study uses three methods of distillation, the distillation of water, water-steam distillation and steam distillation is carried out on samples of intact leaves and chopped leaves of fresh lemongrass. The results yield calculation and testing of physics and chemistry, as well as in the method of analysis SPSS One-Sample Test Statistics for the lemongrass essential oil products. Based on the results of research on the treatment of raw materials and distillation methods can be concluded that the treatment of raw materials lemongrass intact leaves with water distillation method (boiled) at both the content yield 0.52%, 71.84% citral, specific gravity 0.8967 g/mL, and the refractive index of 1.4905. It is appropriate to mention that SNI 06-39-53-1995 yield 0.3%, the specific gravity of 0.8731 g/mL, and the refractive index of 1.4586. But the content of citral not meet SNI standards are 76.1%, but according to Guenther (2006) which states citral content of between 65% to 85%.

Kata Kunci : minyak atsiri, sereh dapur, bahan baku, distilasi, dan rendemen