Perlindungan Konsumen dalam E-Commerce (Studi Komparasi antara Indonesia dan Jerman)

Erni Priliawati, SH, Drs. Paripurna Sugarda, S.H., M.Hum, LL.M.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Hukum

Tesis ini membandingkan perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi E-Commrece antara Indonesia dan Jerman. Pada prinsipya tranksaksi E-commerce di Indonesia adalah sama dengan transaksi jual beli secara konvensional, sehingga semua aturan tentang perjanjian tunduk pada KUHPerdata, sedangkan untuk perlindungan konsumen diatur tegas dalam Undang undang perlndungan konsumen No. 8 tahun 1999, Pencantuman klausula baku dalam perjanjian pada prinsipnya tidak dilarang asalkan memenui ketentuan ketentuan yang diatur dalam undang undang perlindunga konsumen. Sedangkan Undang undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik No. 11 tahun 1998 mengatur tentang bukti bukti digital yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai bukti apabila terjadi sengketa. Penyelesaian sengketan konsumen di Indonesia dapat ditempuh dengan dua cara yaitu : 1. Penyelesaian sengketa di laur pengadilan yaitu melalui Badan penyeleseaian sengekta (BPSK) dan 2. Penyelesaian sengketa melalui Pengadilan. Sedangkan E-commerce di jerman diatur dalam code Civil Jerman (BGB), dimana tentang hak dan kewajiban konsumen dalam bertransaksi secara on line di atur dalam BGB, tidak ada aturan secara khusus di luar BGB. Aturan aturan yang tercantum dalam BGB tersebut merupakan implementasi dari Hukum Uni Eropa, dimana aturan aturan dalam hukum Uni Eropa harus diimplemantisikan ke dalam hukum nasional di negara negara anggota EU. Seperti misalnya Directive 97/7/EC yang mengatur tentang Distance selling contract, oleh pemerintah Jerman telah diimplementasikan ke dalam pasal 312b-312 f BGB. Penyelesaian sengketa konsumen di Jerman dapat ditempuh melalui jalur pengadilan, namun dalam perkembangannya sengketa konsumen tersebut dapat ditempuh melalui mediasi, dimana para pihak yang bersengketa membuat kesepakatan dan hasil dari mediasi tersebut akan dilaksanakan oleh mereka dan mengikat seperti halnya putusan pengadilan. Enforecement and dispute resolution in consumer is regulated in Verbarucherschutzdurchsetzungsgesetz EG (VSchDG) where VSchDG is an implication of EU regulation concerning the enforcement of consumer protection set out in Directive EC. No. 2006/2004.

This thesis compares consumer protection in E-commerce between Indonesia and Germany. In principle, e-commerce transaction in Indonesia is treated the same as conventional trade agreement, so that all regulation for contract in e commerce is stipulated in Indonesian Code Civil. The regulation of consumer protection is stipulated in Indonesian Consumer protection law no. 8 of 1999. Enclosure standard business term is not forbidden as long as it does not conflict with law. Furthermore the law no. 11 of 2008 about Information and Electronic Transaction regulates digital evidence that can be used by both consumer and supplier in the event of a dispute. According to Indonesian consumer protection law, settlement of consumer dispute can be conducted through Dispute Settlement Board (BPSK) or through the court. E-commerce in Germany is regulated in the German Civil Code (BGB), in which the rights and obligations of consumers on-line transaction is ruled. Some rules in BGB are an implementation of EU law that must be implemented to national law in country members of EU. Such as Directive 97/7/EC on distant selling governing the contract, has been implemented in Germany in Article 312b-312f BGB. Settlement of consumer disputes in Germany can be also solved through the courts and through mediation, where the disputing parties make an agreement and the outcome of the mediation will be conducted by them and binding as well as court decisions. Enforcement and dispute resolution in consumer protection is regulated in Verbarucherschutzdurchsetzungsgesetz EG (VSchDG) which is also an implementaion of EU regulations concerning the enforcement of consumer protection set out in EC Directive. No. 2006/2004.

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