PENGARUH KOMBINASI PASIEN SIMULASI DAN MANIKIN TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN KETERAMPILAN KANULASI INTRAVENA

ZWASTA PRIBADI MAHARDHIKA, dr. Ova Emilia, M.Med.Ed, Sp.OG(K), Ph.D,

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Pendidikan Kedokteran

Latar Belakang: Dokter dituntut mempunyai kompetensi dalam melakukan prosedur klinik. Keterampilan tersebut terdiri dari keterampilan teknik, keterampilan komunikasi dan perilaku profesional lainnya. Namun keterampilan tersebut sering kali diajarkan terpisah saat belajar di laboratorium keterampilan klinik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran keterampilan prosedural menggunakan kombinasi pasien simulasi dengan manikin terhadap pencapaian keterampilan prosedural mahasiswa serta pengaruh terhadap persepsi mahasiswa tentang proses pembelajaran keterampilan prosedural di laboratorium keterampilan klinik. Metode:Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan rangcangan post-test only control group design. Subjek penelitian adalah 60 mahasiswa semester III angkatan 2010 Fakultas Kedokteran YARSI yang diambil secara cluster random sampling dan dilakukan random assignment untuk membagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (pembelajaran hanya dengan manikin) dan kelompok intervensi (pembelajaran kombinasi pasien dan manikin). Keterampilan yang diukur adalah keterampilan kanulasi intravena. Pengukuran menggunakan Integrated Procedural Performance Instrument (IPPI) rating scale dan kuesioner persepsi pembelajaran keterampilan prosedural. Analisis statistik menggunakan Mann-Whitney test dan Independent T-test. Hasil: Rata-rata nilai total IPPI rating scale kelompok intervensi lebih tinggi secara bermakna (p <0,01;ES >0,8) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran keterampilan prosedural di laboratorium keterampilan klinik lebih baik (p >0,05; ES >0,5) pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Pembelajaran keterampilan prosedural menggunakan kombinasi pasien simulasi dengan manikin meningkatkan pencapaian keterampilan kanulasi intravena.

Background: Physicians are required to have competency in performing clinical procedures. The required skills consist of technical skills, communication skills and other professional behavior. However, these skills are often taught separately while studying in the clinical skills laboratory. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of procedural skills learning using a combination of simulated patients with manikin on the achievement of students’ procedural skills and on students’ perceptions about procedural skills learning in clinical skills laboratory. Methods: This experimental study used a post-test only control group design. The research subjects were 60 third semester students of 2010, Medical School, YARSI, taken with cluster random sampling and random assignment to split the subjects into the control group (learning only with manikin) and the intervention group (learning combination using patients and manikin). The measured skill was the intravenous cannulation skill using the Integrated Procedural Performance Instrument (IPPI) rating scale and questionnaires on the perceptions of procedural skill learning. The statistical analysis used Mann-Whitney test and Independent t-tests. Results: The mean value of the total IPPI rating scale of the intervention group was significantly higher (p <0,01;ES >0,8) than that of the control group. The perception of students towards procedural skills learning in clinical skills laboratories was better (p >0,05; ES >0,5) in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: Procedural skills learning using a combination of simulated patients with manikin improved the achievement of intravenous cannulation skills.

Kata Kunci : Keterampilan prosedural, keterampilan komunikasi, pasien simulasi, manikin