HUBUNGAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

Akhmad Sujai, DR. Dra. MG. Adiyanti Psi., Ms

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Kemiskinan dan kurangnya pendapatan akan menyebabkan kurangnya kemampuan keluarga untuk menyediakan pangan yang cukup dan bergizi untuk seluruh keluarga. Pemenuhan makanan yang bergizi akan berdampak langsung terhadap status gizi anak. Kekurangan gizi akan mempengaruhi perkembangan otak dan selanjutnya akan mempengaruhi kecerdasan yang berdampak jangka panjang pada prestasi belajar. Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dan status gizi dengan prestasi belajar siswa sekolah dasar di Kota Yogyakarta. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel adalah siswa kelas 5 sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Gedongtengen Kota Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga menggunakan wawancara berdasarkan kuesioner Radimer/Cornell, data status gizi dikumpulkan dengan pengukuran dan data prestasi belajar menggunakan data sekunder yaitu nilai asli ulangan semester terakhir. Hasil: Sebanyak 67,6% rumah tangga adalah tidak tahan pangan, 13,3% siswa mempunyai status gizi pendek. Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga berhubungan secara bermakna dengan status gizi (p = 0,033) dan prestasi matematika (p = 0,045). Ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan prestasi matematika (p = 0,035) dan bahasa Indonesia (p = 0,000) dan gabungan prestasi matematika, bahasa Indonesia dan IPA (p= 0,004) Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dengan status gizi. Ada hubungan antara ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dengan prestasi matematika, namun tidak dengan prestasi Bahasa Indonesia dan IPA. Ada hubungan antara status gizi dengan prestasi belajar siswa.

Background: Poverty and lack of income will cause inability of the family to provide enough and nutritious food for all the family members. Fulfillment of nutritious food will bring direct impact to nutrition status of children. Malnutrition will affect brain development and intelligence that in the long run disrupts academic achievement. Objective: To identify association between food security of the household and nutrition status and academic achievement of elementary school students at Yogyakarta Municipality. Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Samples were students of grade V of elementary school at Subdistrict of Gedongtengen, Yogyakarta Municipality. Data of food security of the house were obtained through interview based on questionnaire of Radimer/Cornell; data of nutrition status were obtained through assessment and academic achievement through secondary data, i.e. original score of final semester examination. Result: As much as 67.6% of the household were food insecure; 13.3% of students were stunted. Food security of the household was significantly associated with nutrition status in height for age (p=0.033) and achievement in mathematics (p=0.045). There was association between nutrition status and achievement in Mathematics (p=0.035) and in Bahasa Indonesia (p=0.000) and combined achievement in Mathematics, Bahasa Indonesia and Science (p=0.004). Conclusion: There was association between food security of the household and nutrition status. There was association between food security of the household and achievement in Mathematics; but not in Bahasa Indonesia and Science. There was association between nutrition status in height for age and academic achievement of students

Kata Kunci : Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, status gizi, prestasi belajar