SANITASI RUMAH, SEKOLAH, PERSONAL HYGIENE DAN INFEKSI SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS (STH) PADA MURID SEKOLAH DASAR DI PULAU PALUE, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

DINA MERISA DAMANIK, Prof. dr. Soeyoko, DTM&H, SU

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Di Indonesia, infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Tingginya infeksi tersebut juga didukung oleh sanitasi lingkungan dan personal hygiene yang buruk. Infeksi STH merupakan salah satu dari 10 besar penyakit terbanyak di Pulau Palue dan di daerah ini masih banyak ditemukannya adanya cacing dewasa yang keluar dari tinja ataupun dari muntahan anak sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan sanitasi lingkungan rumah dan sekolah, personal hygiene dengan infeksi STH pada murid sekolah dasar di Pulau Palue. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Pulau Palue, Kabupaten Sikka, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas 1-6 berjumlah 100 murid dari 8 SD. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara proportional random sampling. Diagnosis infeksi STH ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan telur cacing pada tinja dengan metode pengapungan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner, check list dan observasi yang selanjutnya dianalisis dalam tiga analisis (univariat, bivariat, multivariat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara sanitasi lingkungan rumah (p value= 0,043), sanitasi lingkungan sekolah (p value= 0,000), personal hygiene (p value= 0,032) dengan infeksi STH. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan rumah murid SD yang buruk (84%), kondisi sanitasi lingkungan sekolah murid SD yang buruk (79%) dan kondisi personal hygiene murid SD yang buruk (96%) sedangkan untuk analisis multivariat diperoleh bahwa variabel personal hygiene merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian infeksi STH di daerah ini. Disimpulkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara sanitasi lingkungan rumah, sekolah dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian infeksi STH pada murid sekolah dasar di Pulau Palue, Kabupaten Sikka, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Disarankan agar dinas kesehatan kabupaten Sikka ataupun pihak puskesmas Palue dapat memberikan obat cacing massal secara rutin kepada seluruh murid SD di Pulau Palue karena jumlah yang terinfeksi STH ini cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 78% dan untuk tindakan pencegahan selanjutnya agar dilakukannya kegiatan-kegiatan preventif dan promotif terhadap murid SD, guru ataupun orang tua murid melalui koordinasi lintas sektor seperti Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sikka, Puskesmas Palue, Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Sikka, camat/aparatur pemerintahan Palue, pemimpin agama katolik (Romo atau Suster), ketua adat (Lakimosa) serta LSM (Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat).

Background: In Indonesia, STH infection still as public health problem particularly in the child of elementary school age. The high of that infection was also supported by bad environmental sanitation and bad personal hygiene. STH infection was one of ten great of frequent diseases in Palue Island and in this region still able can be found an adult worm in feces even from regurgitate. Objectives: To analyze the correlation between house’s environmental sanitation, school sanitation, personal hygiene and STH infection. Methods: This was observational analytic study by cross sectional design. The location of the study was Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The sample of the study was student of elementary school in grade 1-6, their amont was 100 students from 8 elementary schools. The sampling was done used proportional random sampling approadh. Diagnosis of STH infection was establised based on worm eggs examination in feces used floatation method. Data collecting was performed used questionnaire, check list and observation which then was analyzed in three analysis (univariate, bivariate, multivariate). Results: There was significant correlation between house’s environmental sanitation (p value 0.043), school’s environmental sanitation (p value= 0.000), personal hygiene (p value = 0.032) with STH infection. Descriptive analysis showed that the incidence of STH infection in the students of elementary school in Palue Island was 78%. Low level of house’s environmental sanitation of the students (84%), low level of school’s environmental sanitation (79%) and bad personal hygiene practice (96%) while for multivariate analysis obtained that personal hygiene was the most influence variable to the STH infection in this region. Conclusions: there was a significant correlation between house’s environmental sanitation, school’s environmental sanitation and personal hygiene practice to the STH infection among the students of elementary school in Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Recommendations: It was advisable both for Health Office of Sikka Regency and Palue Public Health Center provide antihelminth mass drug administration routinely for all elementary school’s students in Palue Island because the number of STH infected children was quite high that was 78% and for prevention measure it is advisable to perform preventive and promotive actions for the elementary school’s students, the teachers and for the student’s parents through cross sectoral coordination such as between Health Office of Sikka Regency, Palue Public Health Center, Education Office of Sikka Regency, head of subdistrict/ staff of Palue Regional Government, catholic religion leader (Father or Nurses), cultural leader (Lakimosa) and Non Government Organization

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