Pengaruh Diet Gonad Tiga Jenis Landak Laut Terhadap Profil Lipid Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hiperlipidemia

Tanjung Dwi Okta Nugraheni, Dr. Rarastoeti Pratiwi, M.Sc., Ph.D

2012 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh diet gonad tiga jenis landak laut (Stomopneustes variolaris, Echinometra mathaei, dan Heterocentrotus trigonarius) terhadap profil lipid tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) hiperlipidemia. Tikus putih jantan galur Wistar sebanyak 40 ekor dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok; yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kelompok kontrol hiperlipidemia, kelompok hiperlipidemia dengan perlakuan gonad S. variolaris dosis 1,8 g/200 g BB dan 2,7 g/200 g BB, kelompok hiperlipidemia dengan perlakuan gonad E. mathaei dosis 1,8 g/200 g BB dan 2,7 g/200 g BB, serta kelompok hiperlipidemia dengan perlakuan gonad H. trigonarius dosis 1,8 g/200 g BB dan 2,7 g/200 g BB. Kondisi hiperlipidemia diperoleh dengan pemberian campuran kuning telur bebek dan minyak babi (dengan perbandingan 1 :1) dosis 2 ml/200 g BB. Perlakuan diet gonad landak laut diberikan selama 20 hari. Profil lipid yang diukur meliputi kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida, dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer dan Cholesterol Kit dari Diasys. Analisis asam lemak dalam gonad landak laut menggunakan kromatografi gas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Anova dan Tukey test untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya beda nyata antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diet gonad H. trigonarius dosis 1,8 gram/200 gram BB paling efektif menurunkan kadar kolesterol total tikus hiperlipidemia. Diet gonad E. mathaei dosis 2,7 gram/200 gram BB paling efektif menurunkan kadar LDL dan trigliserida, serta menaikkan kadar HDL tikus hiperlipidemia. Perbedaan efektivitas diet gonad landak laut disebabkan adanya perbedaan konsentrasi asam lemak tidak jenuh (terutama asam linoleat, asam linolenat, dan asam oleat) dalam gonad H. trigonarius, E. mathaei, dan S. variolaris. Perlakuan diet gonad landak laut dari jenis yang berbeda dan dosis yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap profil lipid tikus hiperlipidemia. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa diet gonad landak laut (H. trigonarius, E. mathaei, dan S. variolaris) mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan LDL, serta meningkatkan kadar HDL tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) jantan hiperlipidemia.

The objective of this research is to find out the effects of three species sea urchins (Stomopneustes variolaris, Echinometra mathaei, and Heterocentrotus trigonarius) gonad diet on lipids profile of hyperlipidemic rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769). Forty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into eight of five rats. Those groups were normal control, hyperlipidemic control, hyperlipidemic rats were given diet of S. variolaris gonad at 1.8 g/200 g and 2.7 g/200 g body weight, hyperlipidemic rats were given diet of E. mathaei gonad at 1.8 g/200 g and 2.7 g/200 g body weight, hyperlipidemic rats were given diet of H. trigonarius gonad at 1.8 g/200 g and 2.7 g/200 g body weight. Hyperlipidemic rats were made by giving a mixed of yolk and pig fat (1 : 1) at 2 ml/200 g body weight. Diet of sea urchins gonad were given for 20 days. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride were measured by spectrofotometer and cholesterol kit from Diasys. The fatty acids content of sea urchins gonad was analyzed using gas chromatography. Anova and Tukey test were used to analyze the presence of significant difference among treatments. The results show a decrease on total cholesterol level of hiperlipidemic rats whom had given gonad diet of H. trigonarius at 1.8 g/200 g body weight. On the other hand, gonad of E. mathaei at 2.7 g/200 g body weight was the most effective diet to decrease LDL and triglyceride levels, also to increase HDL level of hyperlipidemic rats. Gonad diet of three species sea urchins give different effects on lipids profile of hyperlipidemic rats at different dosage treatments. It might because of the difference content of unsaturated fatty acids among gonad of three species sea urchins. The conclusion is gonad diet of three species sea urchins (S. variolaris, E. mathaei, and H. trigonarius) have the ability to decrease total cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels, also to increase HDL level of hyperlipidemic rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769).

Kata Kunci : landak laut, profil lipid, hiperlipidemia.