PRESERVASI DAN KONSERVASI NASKAH KOLEKSI MUSEUM NEGERI SONOBUDOYO YOGYAKARTA

ERY SUSTIYADI, Dr. Daud Aris Tanudirjo, MA

2012 | Tesis | S2 Arkeologi

Naskah merupakan salah satu jenis koleksi Museum Negeri Sonobudoyo yang bersifat langka dan tak terbarukan. Koleksi naskah mempunyai nilai sejarah, pendidikan, ilmu pengetahuan, agama dan kebudayaan. Dari segi bahan, naskah juga merupakan koleksi yang sangat rentan terhadap kerusakan. Agar naskah dapat dimanfaatkan bagi generasi sekarang dan yang akan datang maka perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang preservasi dan konservasi naskah di Museum Negeri Sonobudoyo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengetahui kondisi fisik naskah, (2) mengetahui kondisi lingkungan, (3) mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab kerusakan naskah, (4) mengetahui kebijakan preservasi dan konservasi naskah kertas di Museum Sonobudoyo, (5) mengusulkan manajemen preservasi dan konservasi yang baik dalam penanganan koleksi naskah di Museum Negeri Sonobudoyo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survai, yaitu (1) survai kualitatif terhadap kondisi lingkungan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab kerusakan naskah, (2) survai kuantitatif terhadap kondisi fisik naskah untuk mengetahui kondisi naskah berdasarkan tingkat kerusakan fisik naskah dari kondisi jilidan, kondisi kertas, serangan serangga dan pengaruh tinta asam Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kondisi naskah di ruang penyimpanan, rusak sebanyak 16,2 %, rusak sedang 18,1 % dan kondisi baik 65,6 %, sedangkan kondisi naskah di ruang pamer 50 % kondisi baik dan 50 % kondisi sedang. (2) Kondisi lingkungan di ruang penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa temperatur ratarata 27,4 °C dan kelembaban rata-rata 70,7 %, pada vitrin tercatat suhu rata-rata 25,9 °C dan kelembaban rata-rata 70,7 %, sehingga suhu dan kelembaban masih melebihi batas yang ditentukan. Tidak ada kontrol terhadap suhu dan kelembaban. (3) Penyebab kerusakan naskah karena serangga 24,4 %, karena jamur 94,4 % dan karena tinta asam 13,7 %. (4) Kebijakan preservasi dan konservasi naskah sebetulnya sudah dijalankan, hanya saja masih belum optimal. Untuk melaksanakan program preservasi dan konservasi naskah di Museum Negeri Sonobudoyo perlu adanya manajemen preservasi dan konservasi naskah yang mencakup kebijakan preservasi dan konservasi, konservasi pasif, konservasi aktif, dan restorasi serta adanya kebijakan dalam kesiapan menghadapi bencana. Dengan melaksanakan kebijakan preservasi dan konservasi naskah ini maka dapat menyelamatkan baik kondisi fisik maupun kandungan informasi yang ada di dalamnya.

The manuscript collection at the Sonobudoyo Museum is very rare and irreplaceable. The collection has significant historic, educational, scientific, religious and cultural value. The manuscripts are also highly susceptible to damage as they are made from sensitive materials. To ensure that the manuscripts are preserved for use both today and in the future it is essential to carry out research on the conservation and preservation of this collection at the Sonobudoyo Museum The purpose of the research included: determining the physical condition of the manuscripts, measuring the environment in which they are stored, the causes of damage and an understanding of the present practices of preservation and conservation. This research will be used to prepare a Preservation and Conservation Management Plan for the term care of the collection at the Sonobudoyo Museum. The methodology used for the research included: a qualitative survey of the environmental conditions to determine if they are causing damage and a quantitative survey of the physical condition of the manuscripts including assessment of the physical damage of the binding, the condition of the paper, insect and fungal attack and damage due to the use of iron gall ink. The results of the survey for the manuscripts located in the store and the showcases will be compared to determine if the location of the items affects condition. The results of the research show that of the manuscripts located in the store 16.2 % are in very poor condition, 18.1% are in moderately poor condition and 65.6 % are in good condition. Whilst of the manuscripts located in the showcase 50 % are in moderately poor condition and 50 % are in good condition. The environmental conditions were measured using a data logger and the results showed that within the storage area there was the average temperature of 27.4 °C and the average relative humidity of 70.7 %. In the showcases the average temperature was 25.9 % and the average relative humidity is 77.5 %. All of these results are outside the recommended levels of temperature and RH in a museum and clearly indicate there are no environmental controls for temperature and RH at the Sonobudoyo Museum. Other results showed that 24.4 % were damaged by insects, 94.4 % showed signs of fungal damage and 13.7 % have damage due to the use of iron gall ink. The results indicate that even though preservation and conservation policies for the manuscripts have been implemented that the conditions are still not optimal. The manuscript collection at the Sonobudoyo Museum requires a Preservation and Conservation Management Policy. This policy needs to include aspects of preventive, passive and active conservation, restoration and a disaster management plan. The implementation of an effective management plan for this collection is essential for ensuring its long term preservation.

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