Identifikasi Molekuler Fusarium Penghasil Fumonisin yang Diisolasi dari Biji Jagung (Zea mays) di Tretep, Temanggung

Petrus Adityo Nugroho, Prof.Dr.Ir. Endang S.Rahayu, MS.,

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan

Fusarium merupakan jamur patogen yang dapat memproduksi mikotoksin, antara lain fumonisin, trichothecene, dan zearalenon. Pada penelitian ini, spesies Fusarium diisolasi dari biji jagung di Tretep, diidentifikasi secara morfologi, dan dikonfirmasi dengan identifikasi molekuler yang menggunakan PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) dan partial sequence dari gen TEF 1-α (Translation Elongation Factor 1-α). Kemampuan Fusarium dalam produksi fumonisin diteliti pada media jagung dan ditentukan dengan ELISA (enzyme-linked immuno assay). Dari 9 isolat, tiga isolat diidentifikasi sebagai Fusarium verticillioides, dua isolat Fusarium temperatum, dua isolat Fusarium globosum, satu isolat Fusarium proliferatum, dan satu isolat Fusarium subglutinans. Secara morfologi, F.temperatum mempunyai banyak kesamaan dengan F.subglutinans, namun dapat dibedakan secara molekuler. Spesies Fusarium yang teridentifikasi mampu memproduksi fumonisin pada konsentrasi 20,51 µg/g - 1109,74µg/g media.

Fusarium species are fungal pathogen which produce mycotoxins, such as fumonisin, trichothecene, and zearalenone. In this work, Fusarium species were isolated from maize kernel in Tretep, identified morphologically, and confirmed by molecular identification that used PCR assays and the partial sequence of TEF 1-α gene (Translation Elongation Factor 1-α). The fumonisin-producing ability of Fusarium was evaluated on corn medium and determined by ELISA (enzyme-linked immuno assay). Among 9 isolates, three of them were identified as Fusarium verticillioides, two as Fusarium temperatum, two as Fusarium globosum, one as Fusarium proliferatum, and one as Fusarium subglutinans. F.temperatum is similar morphologically to F.subglutinans, however both of their differences can be found by molecular analysis. Fumonisin-producing abilities of Fusarium were determined in concentrations 20,51µg/g - 1109,74 µg/g medium.

Kata Kunci : Fusarium, Tretep, identifikasi, molekuler, TEF-1α, fumonisin