DAMPAK KOPERASI TERHADAP KINERJA USAHATANI DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI PADI DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

DYAH ARING HEPIANA LESTARI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Masyhuri

2012 | Disertasi | S3 Ekonomi Pertanian

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) kegiatan usaha yang disediakan koptan/KUD di sentra produksi padi, (2) proses pengambilan keputusan petani padi menjadi anggota koptan/KUD dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, (3) tingkat partisipasi anggota koptan/KUD dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, (4) dampak keanggotaan petani dalam koptan/KUD terhadap kinerja (produksi, pendapatan, efisiensi teknis, efisiensi alokatif, dan efisiensi ekonomi) usahatani padi, (5) biaya transaksi yang dikeluarkan, manfaat ekonomi yang diterima, dan manfaat non-ekonomi yang dirasakan anggota koptan/KUD, (6) dampak keanggotaan petani dalam koptan/KUD terhadap struktur pendapatan rumah tangga, serta (7) dampak keanggotaan petani dalam koptan/KUD terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan dan pemerataan kesejahteraan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Provinsi Lampung. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan di tiga kabupaten dengan jumlah koptan dan KUD terbanyak serta penghasil padi dominan di Provinsi Lampung yaitu Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, Lampung Timur, dan Lampung Selatan. Sampel koperasi terdiri dari enam koptan dan enam KUD. Sampel petani padi sebanyak 233 orang yang terdiri dari anggota dan bukan anggota koptan/KUD. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif, model probit, model regresi linier berganda (metode OLS dan SUR), fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas, fungsi keuntungan, uji beda rata-rata (t-test dan ANOVA), Importance-Performance Analysis, dan Gini Ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kegiatan usaha koptan/KUD belum sesuai harapan, (2) proses petani memutuskan keanggotaan dalam koptan/KUD melalui tahap menemukan/mengumpulkan data, mengetahui ada alternatif pilihan, dan melakukan pilihan. Pengalaman usahatani, sosialisasi dan penyuluhan tentang koperasi, keinginan untuk bekerja sama, dan SHU yang diterima anggota koptan/KUD berpengaruh terhadap keputusan petani, (3) partisipasi anggota dalam RAT pada kategori sedang, dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan formal, pendidikan non-formal, pengalaman usahatani, lama menjadi anggota koperasi, SHU, transpor RAT, konsumsi RAT, dan jenis koperasi; partisipasi anggota dalam membayar simpanan wajib rendah, dipengaruhi oleh bunga simpanan, tunjangan-tunjangan, dan transpor RAT; partisipasi anggota dalam memanfaatkan unit-unit usaha rendah, dipengaruhi oleh SHU, bunga simpanan, tunjangan-tunjangan, dan transpor RAT, (4) keanggotaan dalam koptan/KUD tidak berdampak terhadap produksi, pendapatan, efisiensi teknis, efisiensi alokatif, dan efisiensi ekonomi usahatani padi, (5) Manfaat ekonomi koperasi yang diterima anggota koptan/KUD lebih besar dibanding biaya transaksi yang dikeluarkan, manfaat ekonomi koperasi bersih yang diterima anggota koptan lebih besar dibanding yang diterima anggota KUD, dan manfaat non-ekonomi yang dirasakan anggota koptan/KUD belum sesuai harapan, (6) kontribusi manfaat ekonomi koperasi bersih terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga sangat kecil, (7) keanggotaan dalam koptan/KUD belum berdampak pada kesejahteraan dan pemerataannya.

The objectives of this study were to analyze : (1) business activity provided by koptan/KUD in rice production centers, (2) decision-making process of rice farmers to become a member of Koptan/KUD and the factors affecting it, (3) the participation level of koptan/KUD members and the factors affecting it, (4) the impact of farmers membership in koptan/KUD on the rice farming performance (production, income, technical efficiency, allocatiye efficiency, and economic efficiency), (5) the transaction costs incurred, the economic benefits received, and non-economic benefits felt by Koptan/KUD members, (6) the impact of the farmers membership in koptan/KUD on the structure of household income, and (7) the impact of farmers membership in koptan/KUD on the welfare and its distribution. This study was conducted in three districts having the highest number of koptan and KUD as well as the dominant producers of rice in Lampung Province. The three districts were Central Lampung, East Lampung, and South Lampung. Six koptan and six KUD from the three districts were selected as samples. 233 rice farmers consisting of members and non-members of koptan/KUD were also selected as samples. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods, probit model, multiple linear regression model with OLS and SUR methods, Cobb- Douglas production function, profit function, the average of different test (t-test and ANOVA), Importance-Performance Analysis, and the Gini Ratio. The results showed that: (1) the business activities of koptan/KUD has not been as expected, (2 the decision-making process in a membership of Koptan/KUD goes as follows: searching and collecting data information, figuring out some alternatives, and making decisions. Farming experience, socialization and education about cooperatives, farmers' willingness to cooperate, and the SHU received by koptan/KUD members influenced farmers' decisions, (3) the members participation in the RAT was moderate, affected by formal and nonformal education, farming experience, the length of membership in cooperative, SHU, reimbursement of transport expenses for attending RAT, food provided at RAT, and types of cooperatives; the members participation to pay compulsory savings was low, affected by savings interest rate, allowances, and reimbursement of transport expenses for attending RAT; participation of koptan/KUD members in the use of business units were low, affected by the SHU, savings interest rate, allowances, and reimbursement of transport expenses for attending RAT, (4) membership in koptan/KUD did not have an impact on production, income, technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency of rice farming, (5) the economic cooperative benefit received by members were greater than the transaction cost incurred and net cooperative economic benefit received by koptan members were greater than those of KUD members, (6) the contribution of net cooperative economic benefit to households income was very small, (7) membership in koptan/KUD has not increased the welfare and its distribution.

Kata Kunci : anggota koptan/KUD, kinerja usahatani, kesejahteraan