KINASE INHIBITOR PROTEIN-1 (Kip-1) SEBAGAI BIOMARKER RISIKO KEGANASAN LEUKOPLAKIA

Supriatno, Prof. Dr. Hadi Sunartyo, MSc.,Sp.PM

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Gigi Klinik

Leukoplakia merupakan lesi prekanker yang banyak terjadi terutama di negaranegara berkembang. Leukoplakia mempunyai hubungan yang kuat dengan penggunaan tembakau dan alkohol, serta dapat mengalami transformasi dan berkembang ke arah keganasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji ekspresi protein Kip-1 pada potongan blok parafin penderita leukoplakia terhadap risiko keganasan dan mengetahui hubungan ekspresi Kip1 terhadap karakteristik kliniknya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah non-experimental dengan rancangan penelitian consecutive sampling melalui tes diagnostik. Semua sampel leukoplakia didapat dari Department of Anatomy Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tokushima University, dari tahun 1993 sampai 2003. Skrining dilakukan berdasarkan rekaman medik dan rekaman pada blok parafin. Semua sampel dilakukan pengecatan secara imunohistokima menggunakan protein Kip-1. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji non parametrik chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan tingkat signifikansi 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi protein Kip-1 meningkat pada leukoplakia homogen dibandingkan non homogen (P=0,001). Hasil yang sama terdeteksi antara ekspresi Kip-1 dengan tingkat histologi, displasia dan kebiasaan merokok (P=0,001). Ekspresi protein Kip-1 tidak berpengaruh terhadap faktor jenis kelamin (P=0,101) dan umur (P=0,234). Hasil penelitian lain menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko terjadinya displasia dipengaruhi oleh kebiasaan merokok (P=0,000) dan jenis leukoplakia (P=0,002). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekspresi protein Kip-1 dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker risiko keganasan leukoplakia. Turunnya ekspresi protein Kip-1 menunjukkan makin parah kondisi leukoplakia. Ekspresi protein Kip-1 mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap jenis leukoplakia, tingkat histologi, dan kebiasaan merokok. Faktor risiko terjadinya displasia dipengaruhi oleh kebiasaan merokok dan jenis leukoplakia

Oral leukoplakia is a precancer lesion which common in developed countries. It has a strong correlation with alcohol and tobacco consumption, and it is often transformed to malignancy. The purpose of the study was to investigate the expression of Kip1 protein in human oral leukoplakia paraffin block toward malignant risk, and to know the relationship between expression of Kip-1 and its clinical characteristic. Non-experimental design with consecutive sampling was performed in the study . All of the oral leukoplakia sample was delivered from Department of Anatomy Pathology, School of Dentistry, Tokushima University, from 1993 to 2003. Medical record and paraffin block record was used to screen the patients clinical characteristic. Samples were stained by Kip-1 protein using immunohistochemistry procedure. Data was analyzed by nonparametric chi-square test and logistic regression test with significant level of 95%. Results of the study revealed that expression of Kip-1 protein was significantly increased in homogenous leukoplakia compared with that of non-homogenous leukoplakia (P=0.001). Same result was detected in correlation between Kip-1 expression with hystological level, smoking habit, and dysplasia (P=0.001). However, expression of Kip-1 protein was not significantly to age (P=0.234) and sex (P=0.101) factors. The other result showed that risk factor of displasia was interfered by smoking habit (P=0.000) and type of leukoplakias (P=0.002). In conclusion, expression of Kip-1 protein may be used as a biomarker of malignant risk of oral leukoplakia. Down-regulation of Kip-1 expresses the poor condition of leukoplakia. Expression of Kip-1 protein has a significant correlation with type of leukoplakia, level of hystology, and smoking habit. Risk factors of dysplasia were influenced by smoking habit and type of leukoplakia.

Kata Kunci : Leukoplakia oral, protein Kip-1, imunohistokimia, faktor risiko.