The Influence of Leader Member Exchange and Followership on Employees Innovative Work Behavior (A Study in Universitas Gadjah Mada)

Nurma Diani Sekarsih, Prof. Dr. Jamaludin Ancok, MA.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Manajemen

Universitas Gadjah Mada adalah perguruan tinggi pemerintah yang tertua dan terbesar di Indonesia yang mempunyai visi menjadi Universitas Riset Berkelas Internasional. Untuk bisa mewujudkan hal tersebut, universitas perlu melakukan perubahan transformatif dimana inovasi menjadi kuncinya. Dengan jumlah pegawai sebanyak 6.977 orang pada saat ini, universitas perlu melibatkan pegawai sebagai rekan untuk mencapai tujuannya, karena perilaku kerja inovatif mereka akan sangat membantu. Diantara banyak penyebab perilaku kerja inovatif, ada dua penyebab yang akan diteliti yaitu hubungan pimpinan – karyawan dan kepengikutan. Penelitian ini bermaksud menjelaskan bagaimana hubungan pimpinan – karyawan dan kepengikutan mempengaruhi perilaku kerja inovatif karyawan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penelitian diadakan di 18 fakultas di lingkungan Universitas Gadjah Mada dimana populasi penelitian adalah tenaga kependidikan PNS. Sampel diambil menggunakan purposive sampling dimana minimal latar belakang pendidikan responden adalah SMU. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara mengirim 270 kuesioner pada PNS dari 18 fakultas. Teknik pengukuran data yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah skala Likert. Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah: hubungan pimpinan – karyawan mempengaruhi perilaku kerja karyawan; kepengikutan mempengaruhi perilaku kerja karyawan, dan hubungan pimpinan – karyawan bersama-sama dengan kepengikutan memperngaruhi perilaku karyawan. Data riset dianalisis menggunakan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis pertama didukung dengan Y= 1.031+ 0.192X1, t = 2.748(lebih besar dari t tabel 1.9704), derajat signifikansi 0.001, hipotesis kedua juga didukung dengan Y= 1.031+0.899X2, t = 8.650 (lebih besar dari t tabel 1.9704) dengan derajat signifikansi 0.000, dan hipotesis ketiga terbukti signifikan dengan prosentasi pengaruh sebesar 31.5%.

Universitas Gadjah Mada is the oldest and the largest state university in Indonesia which envisioned itself to be a world class research university. In order to be so, this organization must undergo transformational change in which innovation becomes the key for it. As an organization with 6,977 employees, the university needs to involve these employees as partner in achieving its goals, as their innovative work behavior is needed in the endeavor. Among others, the factors that affected innovative work behavior are leader – member exchange and followership. This research intended to describe how leader – member exchange and followership affect innovative work behavior of the employees in Universitas Gadjah Mada. Research was conducted in 18 faculties at Universitas Gadjah Mada in which the non academic civil servants are the population. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. The data collection was conducted in two stages, the pre-test and main test. Pre-test was conducted on 30 respondents of the central office, while the main test was conducted by sending out 270 questionnaires to the respondents in 18 faculties. Likert scale is used for data measurement technique. The hypotheses in this research were: leader – member exchange positively influences innovative work behavior; followership positively influences innovative work behavior; and leader – member exchange and followership collectively influence positively on innovative work behavior. The research data was analyzed using multiple regression. The result of this research supported the first hypothesis that leader - member exchange influence the innovative work behavior (Y= 1.031+ 0.192X1), t = 2.748(bigger than t table 1.9704), level of significance 0.001, and the second hypothesis that followership is influence the innovative work behavior (Y= 1.031+0.899X2), t = 8.650 (bigger than t table 1.9704), level of significance 0.000. The third hypothesis was proven significant with the percentage of influence in the amount of 31.5%.

Kata Kunci : hubungan pimpinan – bawahan, kepengikutan dan perilaku kerja inovatif