FORMULASI NANOKURKUMIN MENGGUNAKAN POLIMER KITOSAN RANTAI PENDEK DAN UJI CELLULAR UPTAKE PADA KULTUR SEL T47D

Lutfi Chabib, S.Farm., Apt., Dr. rer.nat. Ronny Martien, M.Si.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi

Kurkumin dengan aktivitas biologis diantaranya sebagai antikanker memiliki keterbatasan dari segi kelarutan, dan bioavailabilitas yang rendah, diharapkan dapat diatasi dengan sistem nanopartikel. Teknologi nanopartikel mulai banyak dikembangkan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan penghantaran obat khususnya obat dengan bioavailabilitas yang kurang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan formulasi nanokurkumin dengan pembawa kitosan rantai pendek dan menguji kemampuan masuknya kedalam sel secara in vitro. Metode yang digunakan pada formulasi nanokurkumin yaitu ionic gelation, pengeringan dengan freeze dryer dan penentuan hasil Entrapment Efficiency serta stabilitasnya dalam artificial intestinal fluid (AIF). Disamping itu, dilakukan evaluasi toksisitas dan kemampuan cellular uptake pada kultur sel T47D. Hasil entrapment efficiency dengan pelarut buffer asetat pada pH 4 lebih besar dibanding pH 5, memiliki stabilitas yang baik dalam AIF, serta memiliki kemampuan menembus dinding sel melalui pengamatan mikroskop fluoresens, serta hasil uji sitotoksik relatif rendah, dengan ukuran rata-rata nanokurkumin 269,8 nm dan Zeta potensial +18,63 mV dengan morfologi partikel yang sferik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa nanokurkumin dengan pembawa polimer kitosan rantai pendek mempunyai potensi sebagai terapi kanker.

Curcumin as used as anticancer therapy has its restrictiveness from the case of its solubility and so that its low bioavailability, hopefully can be solved by the development of nanoparticle system. Nanoparticle technology has been started to be developed as an alternative to improve drug delivery, especially for the less bio-available chemicals. This study was aimed for developing nanocurcumin formulation with low viscous chitosan as the matrix and then for studying its ability to be taken into the cells in vitro. Methods used in the formulation of nanocurcumin is by ionic gelation followed by freeze drying. Entrapment Efficiency was then assayed, and its stability was tested by incubating into artificial intestinal fluid (AIF). Furthermore, the toxicity was evaluated, and also its cellular uptake ability into T47D cell line. It was found that the Entrapment Efficiency in acetate buffer at pH 4 is higher than at pH 5, it also has a good stability in AIF. For the cellular uptake study through fluorescence microscope, it was found that the complex has an ability to penetrate cellular membrane into the cytosol. Next, the cytotoxicity study gave us the information that the nanocurcumin is non-toxic to normal cell line. For the characterization of the nanoparticles, size measured as the average at 269.8 nm, Zeta-potential as +18.63 mV, with spherical particle morphology. From the result of this study, it is concluded that nanocurcumin using low viscous chitosan polymer as the matrix has a great potention as the alternative for anticancer therapy.

Kata Kunci : nanopartikel, kurkumin, kitosan rantai pendek, sel T47D.