PERILAKU KESEHATAN GIGI DAN MULUT PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI KABUPATEN BANJAR
Ida Rahmawati, Dr. drg. Julita Hendrartini, M.Kes
2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar belakang: Masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut merupakan masalah yang rentan dihadapi oleh kelompok anak usia sekolah dasar. Data Nasional Kesehatan Gigi (2006) menunjukkan prevalensi karies gigi di Indonesia sekitar 90% dari 238 juta penduduk Indonesia dan jumlah anakanak usia 15 tahun ke bawah yang menderita karies gigi mencapai 76,5%. Data Dinas Kesehatan Kota Banjar Tahun 2008 memperlihatkan bahwa jumlah murid SD di Kota Banjar yang menderita karies gigi sebanyak 65% yang menyebabkan siswa sering tidak masuk sekolah. Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Banjar Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif observasional dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Banjar, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan di 2 Kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Astambul dan Kecamatan Martapura. Populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu dan anak usia sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Banjar. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu dan anak sekolah dasar kelas III yang berusia antara 6-12 tahun. Jumlah keseluruhan sampel 126 orang. Analisis data bivariabel menggunakan uji chi-square, regresi logistik untuk analisis multivariabel. Hasil: Distribusi tingkat pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi anak SD baik (54,8%); sikap ibu berada dalam kategori sedang (45,2%); perilaku ibu juga dalam kategori sedang (42,9%); lingkungan anak SD di Kabupaten Banjar berada pada kategori baik (56,3%); dan sebagian besar perilaku anak SD di Kabupaten Banjar mempunyai perilaku yang benar terhadap kesehatan gigi dan mulut, dengan frekuensi 61,1%. Analisis bivariabel menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengetahuan, sikap, lingkungan dan perilaku bermakna secara signifikan terhadap perilaku anak dengan nilai p sebesar 0,0001, begitu juga perilaku anak bermakna secara signifikan dengan status kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan nilai p = 0,0001. Hasil ini diikuti pada analisis multivariabel yang menunjukkan kemaknaan terhadap status kesehatan gigi (pengetahuan OR = 2,5 dan p = 0,025; sikap OR = 2,7 dan p = 0,032; perilaku ibu OR = 2,9 dan p = 0,027; lingkungan OR = 3,2 dan p = 0,007; perilaku anak OR = 4,6 dan p = 0,018). Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar ibu-ibu Kabupaten Banjar memiliki pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku yang baik terhadap status kesehatan gigi dan mulut anak. Lingkungan anak-anak SD di Kabupaten Banjar juga cukup positif dalam mendukung perilaku anak untuk menjaga status kesehatan gigi dan mulut.
Background: The issue of dental and oral health is a vulnerable issue faced by groups of elementary school age children. Dental Health National Data (2006) showed that the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia was about 90% of the 238 million of Indonesian population and the number of children aged 15 years and under who sufferred from dental caries reached 76.5%. The data in 2008 from Banjar Municipal Health Office showed that the number of elementary students in Banjar District who suffered dental caries was by 65% which caused students often not to attend school. Objective: To know the factors that influence dental and oral health behaviors in elementary school children in Banjar District Methods: This was an observational quantitative research using a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Banjar District, South Kalimantan Province in two sub districts ie Astambul and Martapura sub districts. The population of this study was the mothers and elementary school age children in Banjar District. Study sample was the mothers and elementary school children in grade III aged 6-12 years old. The total sample was 126 people. The bivariate data analysis used chi-square test and logistic regression for multivariable analysis. Results: Distribution of knowledge level about dental health of elementary school children was good (54.8%); attitude of the mothers was in moderate category (45.2%); behavior of the mothers was also in moderate category (42.9%); neighborhood of elementary school children in the District Banjar was in good category (56.3%), and most of elementary school children in Banjar District had the correct behavior towards dental and oral health, with a frequency of 61.1%. The bivariate analysis showed that the variables of knowledge, attitudes, environment and behavior were significant to the children's behavior with p-value of 0.0001, and the children's behavior was significant with dental and oral health status with p-value of 0.0001. These results were followed with the multivariable analysis showing significance to dental health status (knowledge OR = 2.5 and p = 0.025; attitudes OR = 2.7 and p = 0.032; mother’s behavior OR = 2.9 and p = 0.027; environment OR = 3.2 and p = 0.007; children’s behavior OR = 4.6 and p = 0.018). Conclusion: The majority of mothers in Banjar District had good knowledge, attitudes, and behavior on children’s dental and oral health status. The environment of elementary school children in Banjar District was also quite positive in supporting the children's behavior to maintain the dental and oral health status.
Kata Kunci : kesehatan gigi dan mulut, pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan lingkungan
