PENGARUH PEMBERIAN LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILLUS TERHADAP PERBAIKAN KLINIS COMMON COLD PADA ANAK

EKA SARI ASTUTI, dr. Sumadiono, Sp.A (K)

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ked.Klinik/MS-PPDS

eorang balita S di Indonesia rata-rata menderita common cold hingga 6 kali per tahun dan peresepan antibiotik yang tidak rasional terjadi pada 60% kasus. Beberapa penelitian pada manusia telah membuktikan bahwa probiotik efektif dalam mengurangi keparahan gejala common cold. Efek probiotik ini berhubungan dengan meningkatnya respon imun nonspesifik maupun spesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 dan Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 dalam dosis 0.1 x 10 9 CFU dan 1.9 x 10 9 CFU per hari selama 7 hari terhadap keparahan gejala common cold pada anak. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah uji klinik buta ganda acak terkendali. 100 anak yang memenuhi kriteria diagnosis common cold dimasukkan dalam penelitian. Pasien dalam kelompok probiotik (n=50) mendapat perlakuan kapsul probiotik mengandung Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 dan Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 setiap hari selama 7 hari. Pasien dalam kelompok plasebo (n=50) mendapat kapsul plasebo yang berisi Saccharum lactis. Selama episode common cold, pasien mencatat gejala common cold setiap hari. Penurunan skor gejala common cold yang terdiri dari gejala batuk, gejala nasal, gejala tenggorokan dan gejala sistemik ini merupakan luaran utama yang diukur pada penelitian ini. Relative Risk Reduction Rerata skor gejala common cold harian pada kelompok probiotik dan kelompok plasebo tidak berbeda secara bermakna (p>0,05). pada jumlah subjek yang mengalami penurunan skor keparahan gejala common cold juga tidak bermakna pada dua kelompok (unadjusted absolute % reduction 0, P=1). Tidak didapatkan reaksi efek samping probiotik yang dilaporkan pada penelitian ini. Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 dan Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 dalam sediaan dan dosis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini tidak mengurangi skor keparahan gejala common cold.

Children contract an average of approximately six colds each year and irrational antibiotic has been prescribed to 60% of cases that potentially cause antibiotic resistency. Some studies in humans have shown that probiotic were effective in reducing the severity of common cold symptoms. The mechanisms of probiotic are attributed to an increase of the innate and acquired immune response. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the consumption of Lactobacillus acidophilus R0052 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 in dosage of 0.1 x 10 9 CFU and 1.9 x 10 9 CFU per day during 7 days influences the severity of symptoms of the common cold in children. This study describes a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 100 children who developed symptoms of the common cold within 24-48 hours before enrollment were included in the study. Patients in the probiotic group (n=50) received probiotic capsules containing 0,1x10 9 of Lactobacillus acidophilus and 1,9x10 9 Lactobacillus rhamnosus everyday for 7 days. Patients in the placebo group (n=50) received similarly administered capsules that contained Saccharum lactis. Subjective daily symptom scores for cough symptoms, nasal symptoms, pharyngeal symptoms and systemic symptoms.were used as main outcome measures. The daily mean symptom score during an episode were were not significantly different in the probiotic-treated group than in the control group (p>0,05). There was also a nonsinigficant relative risk reduction in the number of improvement from severity symptoms score of common cold in both of groups (unadjusted absolute % reduction 0, P=1). There was no report of adverse events in the probiotic and plasebo group. Lactobacillus acidophilus R005 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 in the form and dosage studied did not significantly reduced the severity of symptoms of the common cold.

Kata Kunci : Lactobacillus acidophilus, common cold, probiotik, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, keparahan, anak