KINETIKA GLOBAL PROSES SLOW PYROLYSIS MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES TERSELEKSI DAN ANALISA THERMOGRAVIMETRY REFUSE DERIVED FUEL

DWI ARIES HIMAWANTO, Prof.Dr.Ir. Indarto, DEA.,

2012 | Disertasi | S3 Teknik Mesin

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan keterkaitan karakteristik slow pyrolysis antara komponen tunggal dan komponen campuran dari sampah kota terseleksi dan karakterisasi pembakaran RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) yang dihasilkan. Pengambilan data diawali dengan sortasi dan pengumpulan bahan baku untuk kemudian dihaluskan dan diayak hingga lolos ukuran 20 mesh. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses slow pyrolysis komponen tunggal yang meliputi sampah bambu, sampah daun pisang, daun kemasan dan sampah styrofoam dengan kondisi 3 variasi heating rate (5 0 C/menit, 10 0 C/menit, 20 0 C/menit), 3 variasi temperatur akhir pirolisis (300 0 C, 400 0 C, 500 0 C) dan 3 variasi waktu penahanan pirolisis (15 menit, 30 menit, 45 menit). Sampel kemudian dicampur untuk kemudian diteliti keterkaitan karakteristik pirolisis antar sampel tunggal dan sampel campuran. Char yang terbentuk dari hasil pirolisis diuji thermogravimetry dalam kondisi heating rate 20 0 C/menit Hasil pengambilan dan pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa sampah bambu dan sampah daun pisang termasuk dalam kategori bahan low stability organic component, sementara sampah kemasan lebih cenderung dikatagorikan dalam bahan campuran polimer dan untuk sampah styrofoam masuk dalam kategori bahan plastik yang memiliki stabilitas termal yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian mengenai perhitungan energi aktivasi menunjukkan bahwa metode global kinetic dapat digunakan untuk menentukan energi aktivasi komponen tunggal, namun untuk komponen campuran perlu disempurnakan dengan menggunakan metoda shifting berdasarkan temperatur pirolisis komponen tunggal. Pendekatan penghitungan energi aktivasi proses pirolisis sampel campuran dapat didekati dengan weighed sum dari komponen-komponen tunggal penyusunnya, meskipun simpangan yang didapatkan sebesar 18,5 %. Sifat bahan bakar padat (ITVM, ITFC, PT dan BT) tidak dapat didekati secara langsung dari penjumlahan komponen tunggal, karena melibatkan banyak hal yang berperan dalam proses pembakaran.

The goal of this research is to find relationships between single component slow pyrolysis characteristics and mixed component slow pyrolysis characteristics of segregated municipal solid wastes (MSW). The other goal of this research is to find combustion characteristics of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) by thermogravimetry analysis which is produced from slow pyrolysis process The material of this research consists of organic wastes (bamboo wastes and banana leaves wastes) and anorganic wastes (styrofoam wastes and snack wrapping wastes). The materials were selected based on the unprosessing waste. The samples were collected, dried and crushed until passing 20 mesh shieves then characterized in self manufactured macro balance, adopted from Swithenbank et al. (2005). The thermogravimetry analyses were done to find the MSW slow pyrolysis characteristics. The 20 gram sample was placed in the furnace whose temperature is increased with three heating rate variations (5 0 C/min, 10 0 C/min, 20 0 C/min), three variations of sample final temperature (300 0 C, 400 0 C, 500 0 C) and three variations of holding time (15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes) before the sample is cooled to room temperature. One hundred ml/min nitrogen is introduced from the bottom of furnace as a swept gas. The formed char densified and then characterized in a self manufactured macro balance, adopted from Swithenbank et al.. The 3 gram sample is placed in the furnace whose temperature is increased with the selected heating rate until sample mass nearly constant The results of the research show that the bamboo wastes and banana leaves wastes could be categorized as low stability organics, while wrapping wastes could be categorized as polymer mixture materials and styrofoam wastes could be catagorized as plastic materials .The research also show that the global kinetic method could be used to predict the MSW single component activation energy.The predictive activation energy values which calculated based on weighed sum of single component have 18.5 % deviations if compared with experimantal result. Char briquette combustion properties (ITVM, ITFC, PT and BT) can not be predicted with weighed sum of its single component

Kata Kunci : Karakterisasi pembakaran RDF, karateristik slow pyrolysis