HUBUNGAN PAPARAN DEBU PERAK DENGAN PENYAKIT AKIBAT KERJA pneumoconiosis PADA PEKERJA BAGIAN PRODUKSI DI KERAJINAN PERAK KOTAGEDE YOGYAKARTA

Helina Helmy, Dra, Prof.Dr.dr.H.Adi Heru Sutomo, M.Sc.D.Comm.Nutr, DLSHTM. PKK

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Latar belakang: Kerajinan perak Kotagede diproduksi tiga jenis: alat rumah tangga, peralatan makan dan perhiasan. Bagian produksi ada kegiatan peleburan, pengikiran, pengampalasan, pengkilapan. Fakta dilapangan :terjadi pencemaran udara, pekerja tidak menggunakan APD, kebiasaan merokok, keluhan sesak nafas, pegal-pegal, alergi, faktor usia, lama kerja, jenis kelamin. Tujuan penelitian: mengetahui kadar debu total, konsentrasi debu Ag di 6 lokasi ruang produksi (A1-A6), unsur-unsur yang terkandung di dalam debu total, ventilasi dan kelembaban ruangan, fungsi paru pekerja serta hubungan antara debu total, debu perak dengan gangguan fungsi paru pekerja bagian produksi. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif korelasi dan rancangan cross sectionl. Subyek penelitian adalah menginklusi semua pengrajin ruang produksi yang terpapar debu perak, bersedia untuk diteliti dan mengekslusi yang mempunyai riwayat Asma, batuk (flu). Jumlah sampel 63 responden. Analisis data secara univariat dengan %, bivariat Chi-square, multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil: Univariat kadar debu total NAB. Ditemukan juga unsur- dalam debu total Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti, V, Sr, Sn, Zr, Sb, Au, Pd, Mo, Se, As, Ag, Ni,Ti, Z, W dengan prediksi diameter partikel PM 10, PM 2,5 (debu respirabel). Bivariat, kadar debu total (=0,084, p=0,503), konsentrasi debu Ag ruang produksi (=0,254, dan p=0,044) dengan gangguan fungsi paru. Multivariat sig 0,049, Exp(B) = 3,238. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan langsung signifikan antara responden terpapar debu Ag dengan gangguan fungsi paru responden sebesar 3,2 kali dari yang tidak terpapar debu Ag. Tidak ada hubungan responden yang terpapar kadar debu total dengan gangguan fungsi paru responden. Nilai debu total dibawah ambang batas namun, tidak menggunakan APD masker dan bersama faktor resiko umur akan mengganggu fungsi paru responden. Saran: Agar paparan debu perak tidak melebihi ambang batas perlu untuk memperhatikan ventilasi sesuai dengan standar kesehatan. Adanya penelitian lanjut tentang ventilasi dan APD dengan penyakit akibat kerja.

Background: Silver handicraft in Kotagede produce three kind products: household furnishing, cooking utensils and jewelries. In production unit there are activities such as melting, grinding, rubbing, and polishing. The fields facts were: there was air pollution, the workers was not wearing self protection tools, smoking habit, asphyxia complaint, annoyed, allergy, age, length of works, sex. Objectives: to knowing the level of total silver dust, concentration of silver dust in six production room location (A1-A6), the elements contained in total dust, ventilation and room humidity, the lung function of the workers, and correlation between level of total dust, concentration of silver dust with the lung function disorder in the workers of production unit. Methods: This was descriptive study used cross sectional design. The subject of the study was all workers at production room exposed b silver dust, gave a consent to participate in the study and excluded whose had asthma and coughing history. The number of sample was 63 respondents. Univariate analysis used percentage, bivariate analysis used Chi Square Test and multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Results: The level of total dust was NAB. The elements found in total dust was Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ti, V, Sr, Sn, Zr, Sb, Au, Pd, Mo, Se, As, Ag, Ni, Ti, Z, W, with predicted diameter of PM10 and PM2.5 (respirable dust). Bivariate analysis obtained the level of total dust (0.084, p=0.503), concentration of silver dust in production room (0.254, p=0.044) with lung function disorder. Multivariate analysis obtained sig 0.049 and Exp (B)= 3.238. Conclusion: There was significant direct correlation between silver dust exposure with lung function disorder in respondents, the workers exposed by silver dust had probability 3.2 times greater to had lung function disorder compared the not exposed workers. There was no significant correlation between total dust exposure with lung function disorder. The value of total dust was below the threshold value but not wearing a masker and age had significant correlation with lung function disorder. Recommendation: In order to that the silver exposure not above the threshold value, it was need to improve the ventilation appropriate to the health requirements. It was need of further study on ventilation and self protection tools with occupational related disorder.

Kata Kunci : pneumoconiosis, fungsi paru, debu total, debu Ag