DUKUNGAN PSIKOSOSIAL PADA IBU DALAM PELAKSANAAN PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION (PMTCT) OF HIV DI RSUP DR SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

Budi Punjastuti, Prof. dr. Djaswadi Dasuki, SpOG(K), MPH, PhD

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang: Dukungan psikososial bagi ibu dalam pelaksanaan Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV sangat lah penting dalam upaya mengurangi beban psikososial sehingga odha tetap menikmati kualitas hidup yang baik dan berfungsi di masyarakat. Program PMTCT di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sudah mulai ada dari tahun 2006 dari beberapa rumah sakit yang ada, RSUP Dr Sardjito yang rutin melaporkan program ini yang dimulai dari tahun 2006-2009. RSUP Dr Sardjito merupakan rujukan dari beberapa RS yang ada di Yogyakarta untuk mengirim penderita HIV/AIDS khususnya ibu hamil positif menderita HIV bahkan sampai ibu post partum dengan HIV positif Tujuan: Mengetahui bagaimana gambaran dukungan psikososial pada ibu dalam pelaksanaan Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV di RSUP DR. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RSUP DR Sardjito Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam terhadap psikososial pada ibu dalam pelaksanaan Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 7 orang ibu dan 2 petugas PMTCT yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Analisa data dengan cara : buat transkrip, reduksi data dan koding, penyajian data dan penarik kesimpulan dan verifikasi Hasil: Gambaran dukungan yang diterima oleh ibu dalam pelaksanaan PMTCT bisa dilihat dari bentuk dan sumber dukungan psikososial adalah dari keluarga kerabat dan tenaga kesehatan sedangkan dari masyarakat belum terlihat dukunganya dikarenakan ibu belum mampu membuka diri tentang dirinya. Dampak dukungan psikososial bagi ibu, hidup menjadi lebih berarti dan menjadi semangat ibu namun dimasyarakat belum terlihat dampaknya dikarenakan ibu merasa takut di kucilkan dan diasingkan dalam kegitan di lingkungan masyarakat. Kesimpulan: Ibu dalam dalam pelaksanaan Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV di RSUP DR. Sardjito Yogyakarta mendapat dukungan penuh dari keluarga namun ibu belum mampu mengungkapkan kondisinya saat ini kepada masyarakat karena di khawatirkan masyarakat tidak mau menerima dirinya saat ini sehingga ibu akan merasa di kucilkan dan diasingkan. Sedangkan dari petugas kesehatan memberikan pelayanan sebaik mungkin dari awal diketahuinya positif HIV dan menghilangkan stigma dari petugas kesehatan yang lain

Background: Psychosocial support for mothers in the implementation of the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is very important in reducing the psychosocial burden so that people living with HIV/AIDS (ODHA) continue to enjoy good quality of life and function well in society. PMTCT program in the Province of Yogyakarta has started from 2006, and some existing hospitals such as Dr. Sardjito General Hospital routinely reported on the program in 2006-2009. Dr. Sardjito General Hospital is a referral hospital for some hospitals in Yogyakarta to receive people with HIV/AIDS, especially pregnant women which are HIV positive. Objective: To find out the overview of the mother's psychosocial support in the implementation of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Methods:.This was a qualitative study with a case study design. The research was conducted in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Data collection was done with in-depth interviews on maternal psychosocial support in the implementation of the Prevention of Mother-to- Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Research subjects were 7 people and two PMTCT officers taken by purposive sampling. Analysis of data was through some stages namely transcription, data reduction and coding, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification Results: The overview of support received by mothers in PMTCT implementation could be seen from the forms and sources of psychosocial support from family, relatives and health personnel while from society it was not seen yet because the mothers had not been able to open up about themselves. The impact of psychosocial support for mothers was that the life became more meaningful and had more spirit, but in society the impact was not yet seen because the mothers were afraid to be isolated in the activity of the society environment. Conclusion: The mothers in the implementation of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, received full support from the family but they had not been able to reveal their current condition to the public because of the fear that the public would not accept them leading to a feeling to be isolated and exiled. The officers had given their best services from the early time when the mother knew to be infected by HIV and tried to eradicate stigma from other health providers.

Kata Kunci : Dukungan psikososial, Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV