Perubahan Strategi Kebijakan pada Kawasan Pengembangan Ekonomi Terpadu (KAPET) Biak – Mimika Provinsi Papua (Studi tentang Proses Reformulasi Model Kebijakan Situasional : Belajar dari Kasus Terminasi Kebijakan oleh BP. KAPET Biak - Mimika Pasca Otonomi Khusus Daerah Papua 2010)

Edy Supardi, S.Sos, DR. M. Baiquni, MA

2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Adm. Publik

Ada 2 (dua) masalah pokok yang menjadi obyek analisis dalam penelitian tentang fenomena ekonomi-politik di KAPET Biak-Papua ini, Pertama, hubungan kelembagaan (internal KAPET) dan hubungan antar BP. KAPET dengan pemerintah kabupaten hinterland dalam menindaklanjuti program Percepatan Pembangunan Kawasan Timur Indonesia di era Otonomi Khusus Papua (berikut implikasi terhadap pemekaran daerah), terkait rencana strategis program pembangunan KAPET Biak 2006-2010. Kedua, bentuk perubahan kebijakan itu sendiri yang dilakukan oleh BP KAPET Biak (didukung atau tidak didukung oleh kebijakan pemerintah daerah),apakah mampu memacu program percepatan pembangunan di Papua secara berkesinambungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui : (1) Gambaran perubahan strategi kebijakan KAPET Biak pasca Otonomi Khusus Papua; (2) Faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi perubahan strategi kebijakan KAPET Biak dari tahun 2006 hingga tahun 2010 tersebut; dan (3) Model kebijakan alternatif yang tepat bagi terwujudnya kawasan unggulan terpadu pada KAPET Biak–Mimika di masa mendatang melalui upaya reformulasi kebijakan oleh BP KAPET Biak bersama Pemerintah Daerah kabupaten hinterland, sehingga pada akhirnya dijadikan sebagai model kebijakan situasional (belajar dari kasus terminasi kebijakan) sebagai upaya pengembangan alternatif kelembagaan KAPET yang baru. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan memberi kontribusi bagi KAPET Biak-Mimika beserta Pemerintah Kabupaten hinterland dalam mengoptimalkan sumber daya alam sektor unggulannya serta pencapaian target peningkatan PAD di masing-masing kabupaten hinterland secara berkeadilan dan merata. Penelitian kebijakan ini mempergunakan metode deskriptif-eksploratif, dengan pendekatan kualitatif (studi kasus : time series “perjalanan” KAPET Biak berikut peran stakeholders-nya). Adapun teknik untuk menjaring data primer dan sekunder dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi semi partisipan, dan studi dokumentasi agar dihasilkan informasi akurat tentang fenomena dari setiap objek penelitian sekaligus sebagai unit analisisnya, antara lain : permasalahan yang dihadapi KAPET Biak, potensi sektor unggulan, peluang investasi dan promosi serta peran aktor dalam proses reformulasi kebijakan model skenario yang strategis dalam pengembangan KAPET Biak-Mimika tahun 2006-2010 melalui revitalisasi kelembagaan KAPET, perencanaan tata ruang wilayah dan lingkungan yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi sosial, budaya dan ekonomi masyarakat lokal Papua hingga implementasi kebijakannya. Alat analisis yang dipergunakan adalah : (a) analisis isi, (b) analisis situasional dan (c) analisis gap, serta aspek fisibilitas dalam menentukan model alternatif masa depan kelembagaan KAPET Biak-Mimika mendatang untuk direkomendasikan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran para stakeholders KAPET Biak dengan compliance-nya cukup baik, dengan melakukan upaya revisi master plan KAPET melalui survey potensi wilayah dan workshop FDG untuk penyusunan Renstra KAPET Biak-Mimika tahun 2006-2010. Perubahan strategi kebijakan BP KAPET Biak-Mimika lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor : (1) kompleksitas kebijakan (situasi problematis KAPET Biak terkait pemekaran wilayah); (2) kapasitas kelembagaan termasuk diskresi Gubernur Papua selaku Ketua BP KAPET Biak Mimika yang lebih terfokus pada program RESPEK-nya dan (3) lingkungan geografis. Gambaran ini dimaksudkan untuk mengungkap fenomena munculnya perubahan strategi dalam implementasi kebijakan sebagai upaya pengembangan KAPET Biak-Mimika.

There are 2 (two) main problems are the object of analysis in research for the phenomenon of political economy at KAPET Biak, Papua, First, institutional relationships (internal KAPET) and the relationship between BP. KAPET hinterland with the region government to follow up the program to accelerate development of Eastern Indonesia in the era of Special Autonomy (following implications for regional expansion), strategic plan related to development programs KAPET Biak 2006-2010. Second, the performance change of the policy itself is conducted/performed by BP. KAPET Biak (supported or not supported by region government policy), is able to spur accelerated development program in Papua continously. The purpose of this study was to determine : (1) the discription of the changes the policy strategy KAPET Biak in Special Local Autonomy Post-Era of Papua, (2) The influence factors are changes policy strategy of KAPET Biak from 2006 until 2010, and (3) Alternative policies model that are approriate for the establishment of an integrated seeded region in KAPET Biak-Mimika in the future through policy reformulation efforts by BP KAPET Biak with local government hinterland area, so that ultimately serve as well as a model of situational policy (learning from policy termination cases) as an alternative to institutional efforts to develop new KAPET. The results of this study are expected to contribute to KAPET Biak-Mimika district government and its hinterland in optimizing the natural resources sector as well as achieving excellent target of increasing revenue in each district hinterland equitably and be spread evenly. This policy research uses descriptive-exploratory method with qualitative approach (case study : time series ‘on track-record’ KAPET Biak following stakeholders role’s). As for the technique to encompass primary and secondary data was conducted by interviews, semi-participant observer, and study documentation that is produced accurate information about the phenomena of every object of research as well as the unit of analysis, such as : towards of KAPET Biak problem’s, the particularly of potential sector, the investment opportunities and promotion with the role of actors in the reformulation process strategic of the policy scenario models to the developed KAPET Biak-Mimika from 2006 until 2010 through institutional revitalization KAPET, spatial planning and environment adapted with social conditions, cultural, and local economic community of Papua as far as the implementation of its policies. Analitical instruments were used, are : (a) content analysis, (b) situational analysis, and (c) gap analysis, and feasibility aspects in determining of KAPET Biak-Mimika alternative’s institutional models were coming into the future recommended. The analysis result showed that the awareness of stakeholders on KAPET Biak-Mimika with his compliance was good, with a revision efforts of KAPET’s master plan through surveys at potential KAPET areas and workshop with FDG’s models for the preparation strategic plan KAPET of Biak-Mimika in 2006-2010. Changes in policy strategies KAPET of Biak-Mimika, that’s more influenced by several factors : (1) The complexity of the policy (problematic situation of KAPET Biak was related expansion requirements some territory of Papua Provision), (2) Institutional capacity building, including of the Governor’s discreation as chairman of BP KAPET Biak-Mimika which more focused on his RESPEK, and (3) geographical environment. This description is intended to reveal the emergence of the phenomenon strategy of change in policy implementation as development efforts of KAPET Biak-Mimika.

Kata Kunci : Reformulation-Implementation Policy, Actor-Beliefs, Strategic and Change