METODE DUKUNGAN SOSIAL BERJENJANG GANDA â€KELOMPOK ATI ADEM†UNTUK PENGELOLAAN EMOSI MARAH TERKAIT DENGAN PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI
Kristiana Purwaningtyas, Prof. Dr. Johana E. Prawitasari
2012 | Tesis | S2 Magister Profesi PsikologiHipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama untuk kematian maupun kesakitan dari penyakit kardiovaskular. Edukasi mengelola marah pada kasus hipertensi penting sebagai upaya penanganan tingginya kasus hipertensi, namun tergolong masih minim dilakukan. Edukasi ini sebaiknya sampai ke semua lapisan masyarakat melalui suatu wadah dukungan sosial. Puskesmas merupakan wadah ideal melalui para kadernya, namun masih kurangnya keterampilan para kader dalam mendampingi dapat menyebabkan kurang efektifnya penyampaian edukasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas metode dukungan sosial berjenjang ganda “Kelompok Ati Adem†sebagai metode dukungan kelompok dalam upaya pencegahan dan pengelolaan hipertensi. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah enam orang kader aktif dan dua puluh empat orang masyarakat usia dewasa yang didampingi para kader. Desain penelitian menggunakan the one-group pretest-posttest design dan the repeated-treatment design. Efektivitas program di ukur dengan checklist self report, checklist pengalaman didampingi, checklist observasi, tes pengetahuan mengelola emosi marah, dan tes pengetahuan perilaku berisiko hipertensi. Selain itu, data kuantitatif diperkaya dengan data kualitatif melalui wawancara, observasi proses, kuesioner, dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Hasil penelitian dengan uji friedman’s anova dan wilcoxon signed ranks test menunjukkan bahwa lokakarya metode dukungan sosial â€Kelompok Ati Adem†berjenjang ganda secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan pendampingan kader/partisipan kelompok inti, kecuali pada hasil checklist self report yang menurun secara signifikan antara sebelum dan setelah lokakarya pertama. Hasil penelitian dengan uji tersebut juga menunjukkan lokakarya metode dukungan sosial â€Kelompok Ati Adem†berjenjang ganda secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan mengelola emosi marah dan pengetahuan perilaku berisiko hipertensi pada warga masyarakat (kelompok inti, didampingi, dan lanjutan).
Hypertension is the main risk factor for both death and pain of cardiovascular disease. Anger management education for hypertension cases is important in order to prevent the increasing number of hypertension cases. However, it still hasn’t become the main concern. Anger management education should be applied to the whole community through a social support coordinating institution. Local government clinic is an ideal institution to fill that role through its cadres. However, the cadres are still lacking of facilitating skill that may lead to ineffective education. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of group based multilevel social support method of “Kelompok Ati Adem†as an effort to prevent and manage hypertension. Participants of the study were six active cadres and twenty four adult community members who were facilitated by the cadres. The design of the study was the one-group pretest-posttest design and the repeated treatment design. The effectiveness of the program was measured using self repot checklist, facilitated experience checklist, observation checklist, anger management test, and knowledge on hypertension risk behavior test. Moreover, quantitative data was enriched by qualitative data from interview, observation through out the process, questionnaire, and focused group discussion. The result of the study using friedman’s anova test and wilcoxon signed ranks test showed that group based multilevel social support method of “Kelompok Ati Adem†workshops might improve facilitating skill of participants in the core group, with an exception on the result of self report checklist that showed significant decrease after the first series of workshop. The result using the same tests also showed significant improvement of knowledge on anger management and hypertension risk behaviour among members of community (the core group, facilitated participant, and second lining group).
Kata Kunci : mengelola emosi marah, hipertensi, dukungan sosial, keterampilan pendampingan