PERKEMBANGAN PEMIKIRAN SAID NURSI DARI TAHUN 1876 KE TAHUN 1960

SALIH ALBAY, Prof.Dr. Djoko Surya

2012 | Tesis | S2 Sejarah

Karya ini mengkaji pemikiran Said Nursi dalam tiga periode dari segi perubahan pemikiran Nursi. Selama kehidupan Nursi, pemikiran yang paling pokok dari Nursi adalah “musbet hareket”. Pemikiran ini merupakan inti dari pemikiran Nursi. Pemikiran Nursi ini terdiri atas tiga asas dari segi “muspet hareket”. Yaitu, menjaga kerukunan serta keamanan masyarakat; kedua, menghindari dari politik; ketiga mempelajari karya-karyanya yaitu koleksi Risalah Nur. Selama kehidupannya, Nursi mengamalkan serta menerapkan pemikiran yang beliau anggap benar dalam kehidupannya dan menyarankan pemikiran itu pada murid-muridnya atau orang-orang yang mengunjungi beliau. Mengingat bahwa pemikiran Nursi bersumber pada al-Quran dan Hadits Rasul saw. Karyanya yaitu koleksi Risalah Nur –dengan kata Nursi- dikarang melalui ilham kepada Nursi. Tiga periode dalam pemikiran Nursi menandai sebuah langkah dalam perjuangannya masing-masing. Perubahan pemikiran tersebut disertai perubahan atau peningkatan spiritual Nursi. Pada periode pemikiran Said Lama, Nursi terlihat sangat aktif serta berpengaruh dalam kehidupan sosial. Setelah perang dunia pertama, Nursi mengalami sebuah perubahan yang total dalam jiwanya. Bersamaan dengan ini, Nursi juga merubah gaya perjuangannya dalam menyampaikan pesan al-Quran. Dalam gaya baru ini, Nursi muncul sebagai seorang Said Baru. Dengan kata lain dalam Said Baru muncul sebuah gaya yang baru dalam perjuangan Nursi. Pada periode pemikiran ini Nursi mengarang kebanyakan karyanya dari koleksi Risalah Nur. Juga, pada periode pemikiran ini, Nursi mengemukakan istilah “muspet hareket” dalam karyanya sebagai dasar langkah dari gerakan Nursi. Pada periode ini Nursi menghadapi tantangan-tantangan yang besar bersama muridmuridnya. Nursi diasingkan, dipenjarakan, dan diracuni. Pada periode ini juga, Nursi sering terlihat di mahkamah dan pengadilan dalam membela karyanya. Sedangkan pada periode pemikiran Said mutakhir, Nursi tetap melanjutkan istilah “muspet hareket” sebagai landasan gerakannya. Pada periode terakhir ini, Nursi telah menyelesaikan penulisan Risalah Nur. Beliau hanya mengoreksi karya-karyanya dan menulis beberapa surat yang mengarahkan murid-muridnya. Disamping itu, pada periode terakhir ini Nursi terasa sudah melaksanakan tugasnya dengan mengarang karyakaryanya. Maka Nursi, dari segi batiniah merasa sangat berbahagia meskipun penindasan berlanjut. Juga, pada periode ini Nursi menonjol dengan pengiriman surat-surat pada pejabat-pejabat negara agar koleksi Risalah Nur dibebaskan, diterbitkan, dan digunakan sebagai buku pelajaran dalam pendidikan secara resmi. Surat-surat tersebut sekilas bertentangan dengan pokok pemikiran Nursi, yaitu bertindak sesaui dengan “muspet hareket”. Maka surat-surat tersebut relatif diuraikan dalam kajian ini.

This work examines develompment of Nursi’s thought. The most essential motto in Nursi’s life is “musbet hareket” This motto may be transleted as “Nursi’s anti violence and his positivisme”. Thought of Nursi composed of three principle in the “muspet hareket” perspective. Those are to watch harmony and safety of social life; the second is to avoid political affairs; the third is to study his opus namely collection of Risalah Nur. During his life, Nursi put into practice and applied his thought into the every day life. At the same time, Nursi suggested the thought to his fellowers and persons who visited him. Remember that Nursi’s thought is based on the Holy Qoran and the sayings of the Prophet (peace and blessing be upon him). His works namely collection of Risalah Nur were writen by inspiration on to him. Each periode in the thought of Nursi signs a step in his struggle. The change of his thought accompanied the change or the upgrading his spritualty. In the periode Old Said, he was seen very active and influential in social life. After World War I, Nursi experience a change in his soul totally. Coincide with that change, Nursi changed his style of struggling when he conveyed the message of The Holy Qoran. In this new style, Nursi appeared as New Said. In the other word, in New Said appeared a new style in Nursi’s struggling. In this periode, Nursi wrote most of his work from collection of Risalah Nur. Also in this periode, Nursi put forwad the term “muspet hareket” in his work as a base of his thought. In this periode, Nursi confronted big challenges with his fellowers. He was exiled, was casted in to prison, and poisoned. Also in this periode Nursi often appeared in courts of law to assist his work. Whereas in the periode Latest Said, Nursi continued the term “muspet hareket” as a base of his thought permanently. In this last periode, Nursi already finished writing Risalah Nur. Nursi just corrected his works and wrote some letters that direct his fellowers. Also in this last periode, Nursi felt that he had already done his mission with writing Risalah Nur. So Nursi felt so happy in the spiritual perspective though the oppression was continuing. Also in this periode, Nursi sent some letters to officials in order that collection Risalah Nur was releazed, was published, and was used as a text book in education formally. These letters , a glance, are seemed in contradiction with main thought of Nursi, that is that to step in regard to “muspet hareket”. So the letters that mentioned above are explained in this study relatively

Kata Kunci : Nursi, musbet hareket, Turki