EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN RADIASI SINAR ULTRAVIOLET DALAM PENURUNAN JUMLAH ANGKA KUMAN RUANG OPERASI RUMAH SAKIT DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Emanuel Kristanti, dr. Triwibawa, Ph.D

2012 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Latar belakang: Kualitas lingkungan di rumah sakit merupakan suatu hal yang harus diperhatikan, karena beberapa cara transmisi kuman penyebab infeksi dapat terjadi dengan caradroplet, airbone maupun kontak langsung. Mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit dapat berada di udara, lantai, dinding maupun peralatan medis.Lingkungan yang terkontaminasi merupakan tempat perkembangbiakan mikroorganisme yang dapat menimbulkan infeksi nosokomial. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas radiasi ultraviolet (UV) dalam menurunkan angka kuman ruang operasi rumah sakit di DIY, mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor lingkungan fisik (suhu, kelembaban, pencahayaan), pengetahuan dan sikap petugas yang mempengaruhi angka kuman ruang operasi. Metode penelitian:Metodedalam penelitian adalah metode quasi eksperimental dan dilakukan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner kepada responden dengan pendekatan cross sectional.Pengambilan sampel untuk pemeriksaan angka kuman dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah sterilisasi menggunakan sinar UV. Uji statistik mengunakan uji Paired Sample T Test Hasil penelitian:. Setelah sterilisasi dengan UVangka kuman udararuang operasi 0- 666,67 CFU/m3, lantai 0-5,6 CFU/cm2 dan dinding 0-0,38 CFU/cm2.Pengukuran suhu udara seluruh ruang operasi pasca sterilisasi telah memenuhi syarat Permenkes no. 1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004. Kelembaban udara sembilan ruang operasi (89%) berada di atas nilai ambang batas. Suhu, kelembaban berpengaruh terhadap angka kuman di udara (p<0,05) sementara pencahayaan berpengaruh terhadap angka kuman di lantai serta dinding ruang operasi (p<0,05). Pengetahuan dan sikap petugastidak berpengaruh terhadap angka kuman di udara (p>005) namun berpengaruh di lantai dan dinding ruang operasi (p<0,05). Simpulan: Radiasi sinar UVefektif menurunkan angka kuman udara 50-100%, lantai 6-98%, dinding 48-100% di sebelas ruang operasi sedangkan di satu ruang operasi tidak efektif menurunkan angka kuman udara. Sembilan ruang operasi belum memenuhi persyaratan lingkungan ruang operasi sesuai Kepmenkes1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004.

The quality of hospital environment is very important. This is due to some of the transmission microbes can be occured by droplet, Airborne or direct contact Microorganisms that cause disease can be on the air, floors, walls, and medical equipment. The environmental contamination can be a breeding ground for microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections. The main aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of ultraviolet radiation (UV) to reduce the number of germs hi the operating theatef at hospital hi DIY. The second objective is to determine the relationship between physical environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and lighting), knowledge and officers attitudes that influence number of germs in the operating theater. The study conducted with quasi exsperimental methods using questionnaires and interviews with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling for microbial count was carried out before and after sterilization using UV light. Paired Sample T Test was applied for the statistical analysis. The rate of germs in the operating theater after UV sterilization is 0-666.67 CFU/m3, hi the floors and walls are 0-5.6 and 0-0.38 CFU/cm2 respectively. The temperature of all operating theater post sterilization are qualified according to Permenkes number 1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004. The humidity of nine operating theater is 89% that above the threshold value. The temperature, humidity influenced to number of germs in the air (p <0.05) while the lighting influenced to the number on germs on the floor and walls of the operating theater (p <0.05). The knowledge and attitudes of officers not influenced to the number of germs in the air (p> 0.05) but influenced to floors and walls of the operating theater (p <0.05). The UV radiation was effective to reduce the number of germs on the air 50-100%, 6-98% on the floor, and 48-100% on the walls for eleven operating theaters. There was one operating theater which was not effectively reduced. There were nine operating theaters which were not fulfill the standard of operating environment according to Kepmenkes 1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004.

Kata Kunci : Ruang Operasi, Sterilisasi, Ultraviolet, Angka Kuman