SILASE ISI RUMEN SEBAGAI PAKAN PENGGANTI HIJAUAN JAGUNG TERHADAP PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH PERANAKAN FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN

Isnandar, Ir.,MP., Prof. Dr. Ir. Ristianto Utomo, SU.,

2012 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai nutrien silase isi rumen, dan pengaruhnya sebagai pengganti pakan basal hijauan jagung terhadap produktivitas dan kualitas susu sapi perah Peranakan Friesian Holstein. Terdapat tiga penelitian utama,penelitian tahap I mengkajibakteri asam laktatisi rumen yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai inokulan silase, dan aras molases yang tepat dalam pembuatan silase isi rumen. Bahan penelitian terdiri dari onggok 71,93%, onggok kering 28,07% sehingga BK menjadi 35%. Terdapat 2 faktor, faktor pertama 3 aras penggunaan aditif molases 0% (m0), 4% (m4) dan 8% (m8), dan faktor ke dua terdapat enam perlakuan penggunaan inokulasi L. acidophilus (ac), L. casei (ca), L. plantarum (pl), BAL campuran (bm), BAL rumen (br) dan tanpa inokulasi BAL (b0). Variabel yang diukur setelah silase mengalami masa ensilase 21 hari meliputi pH, kandungan asam laktat, asam asetat, asam butirat, N-NH3, BK, BO, PK, SK, BETN, jumlah bakteri,dan organoleptik silase. Penelitian tahap II mengkaji pengaruh lama ensilase dan tiga inokulan paling baik hasil dari penelitian tahap I..Terdapat dua faktor, yakni faktor 1 lama ensilase 1 minggu (mg.1), 2 minggu (mg.2), 3 minggu (mg.3) dan 4 minggu (mg.4). Faktor 2 penggunaan inokulan L.plantarum (pl), BAL campuran (bm) dan BAL isi rumen (br). Variabel yang diukur adalah pH, kandungan asam laktat, asam asetat, asam butirat, N-NH3, BK, BO, PK, SK, BETN, jumlah bakteri asam laktat, dan organoleptik silase. Penelitian I dan II dilakukan analisis sidik ragam, dan perbedaan hasil diantara perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan uji jarak ganda Duncan’s. Penelitian tahap III menganalisis perbedaan kandungan nutrien isi rumen sebelum dan setelah dibuat silase, dan menganalisis proporsi yang tepat penggunaan silase isi rumen sebagai pengganti pakan hijauan jagung pada ransum sapi perah Peranakan Friesian Holstein (PFH) yang sedang laktasi. Materi penelitian terdiri 16 ekor sapi perah sedang laktasi ke II dan III, yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok perlakuan yakni pemberian pakan basal hijauan jagung 100% silase 0% (R1), hijauan jagung 67% silase 33% (R2), hijauan jagung 33% silase 67% (R3),dan hijauan jagung 0% silase 100% (R4). Masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 4 ekor sapi diklasifikasikan pada bobot badan.Setiap ekor sapi selain diberi pakan basal hijauan jagung atau silase, diberi pakan konsentrat sebanyak 1 kg setiap 2 liter produksi susu. Variabel yang diukur kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO), kecernaan protein kasar (KcPK), konsumsi bahan kering (KBK), konsumsi bahan organik (KBO), konsumsi protein kasar (KPK), konsumsi total digestible nutrients (TDN), produksi susu per hari, kadar lemak susu, protein susu, berat jenis susu, total solid (TS), solid non fat (SNF) dan derajat keasaman susu Soxhlet Henkel. Data yang terkumpul diolah dengan analisis sidik ragam bujur sangkar latin dan bila ada perbedaan diantara perlakuan dilakukan uji jarak ganda Duncan’s.Hasil penelitian I menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penggunaan inokulan L plantarum, BAL campuran, BAL dari si rumen, dan penambahan bahan aditif molases 8% berturut turut menghasilkan silase dengan kandungan asam laktat 6,27%, 5,73% dan 5,16%, dan jumlah BAL 6,2x10 8 , 5,7x10 8 , dan 5,1x10 8 lebih tinggi, pH 3,84, 3,84 dan 3,79, kandungan asam asetat 0,64%, 1,05% dan 0,86%, kandungan asam butirat 0,09%, 0,14% dan 0,08%, amonia 2,67%, 2,97% dan 2,98% lebih rendah dan rata-rata penurunan kandungan BK 4,41%, 5,25% dan 6,04%, BO 6,00%, 6,27% dan 6,45%, PK 1,80%, 1,95% dan 4,17% yang lebih rendah(P < 0,05) dari pada perlakuan penggunaan inokulan L acidophilus, L casei dan tanpa inokulan (b0). Penelitian ke II menunjukkan bahwa waktu ensilase, berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap kualitas silase, dan terdapat interaksi antara jenis inokulan dan waktu ensilase terhadap kualitas silase. Penggunaan inokulan L plantarum menghasilkan silase lebih baik dibanding penggunaan BAL campuran dan BAL dari isi rumen, dengan pH silase berturut-turut 4,05, 4,35 dan 4,33 pada minggu ke dua, dan kandungan asam laktat berturut turut 5,19%/BK, 4,76%/BK dan 4,01%/BK. Lama ensilase berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju fermentasi asam laktat, laju fermentasi tercepat dicapai pada minggu ke dua (hari ke 8 – 14) diikuti minggu ke tiga (harike 15 – 21), minggu pertama (hari ke 1 – 7) dan minggu ke empat (harike 22 – 28) dengan kandungan asam laktat berturut 4,65%, 5,38%, 0,58% dan5,43%. Penelitianke III menunjukkan hasil konsumsi pakan per hari 13,54kg BK, 10,39kg BO, 10,38 kg TDN,1499 g PK pada perlakuan R4; 15,11kg BK, 11,70kg BO, 10,47 kg TDN,1454 g PK pada perlakuan R3; 11,83kg BK, 9,25kg BO, 7,37 kg TDN,1212 g PK pada perlakuan R2, 16,64kg BK, 13,12kg BO, 12,12 kg TDN, dan16,12 g PK pada perlakuan R1.Rata – rata. Kecernaan BK 71,01%, BO 73,37%, PK 72,96% perlakuan R4, KcBK 71,72%, BO 74,09%, PK 73,14% perlakuan R3, KcBK 63,56%, KcBO 66,78%, KcPK 65,77% perlakuan R2, dan KcBK 75,83%, KcBO 78,11% dan KcPK 78,74% perlakuan R1.Konsumsi BK, BO, TDN, dan PK (BB 0,75 )sebesar 182,54 g, 164,58 g, 132,86 g, dan 17,68 g pada perlakuan R1, sebesar 135,07 g BK, 120,90 g BO, 84,20 g TDN, dan 13,80 g PK pada perlakuan R2, sebesar 170,26 g BK, 147,86 g BO, 119,02 g TDN, dan 16,40 g PK pada R3, sebesar 153,29 g BK, 153,33 g BO, 92,79 g TDN, dan 17,07 g PK R4. TDN dan PK semua aras perlakuan mencukupi dan melebihi dari kebutuhan ternak untuk hidup pokok dan produksi susu.Kenaikan bobot badan ternak 20 kg – 36,25 kg.Produksi susu R.IV 10,07 lt/ekor/hari R1 : 9,26 lt, R2 : 9,01 lt, dan R3: 8,24 lt. Produksi susu kelompok sapi saat tidak dilakukan penelitian menunjukkan tren yang sama berturut–turut R4. 9,96 lt/ekor/hari, R1. 9,22 lt/ekor/hari, R2. 8,53 lt/ekor/hari dan R3. 7,90 lt/ekor/hari, dan tidak terjadi adanya penurunan kualitas produksi susu.

This research was conducted in terms of determining the nutrient value of silage rumen content, and influencing the substitute of corn forage basal feeding on the productivity and quality of milk Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. There are three main researches summarized in this dissertation. This research reviewed the optimization of the Study of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), in which the silage fermentation process was in the rumen contents that were gained from the slaughter house. In terms of producing 35% dried matter, it was combined with the dried cassava. The treatment given was by increasing the molasses additive materials. They were 0% (m0), 4% (m4), and 8% (m8) and LAB acidophilus inoculation (ac), LAB casei (ca),LAB plantarum (pl), LAB mixture (bm), LAB rumen (br), and without LAB inoculation (b0). The measuring done to the variables was after the silage had passed the 21 days of ensilaging. It included the measuring of pH, the content of lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, N-NH3, dried matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extracted, a number of bacteria, and organoleptic silage. The second research discussed the ensilage duration effect of the dominant result of the three LAB homofermentativeinoculation in the first research. Based on this research, there were two factors included in this research, they were the duration factor of ensilaging during 1 week (1 st week), 2 weeks (2 nd week), 3 weeks (3 rd week), and 4 weeks (4 th week). The second factor was inoculation of LAB plantarum, the blending LAB (bm), and the rumen contentLAB (br). The variables measured were pH, the content of lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, N-NH3, the dry matter (DM), the organic matter (OM), the crude protein (CP), the crude fiber (CF), the nitrogen free extracted (NFE), the amount of lactic acid bacteria and the silage of organoleptic. The first and second statistical analyses were done by using ANOVA. The significant difference result was analyzed by using Duncan’s multiple range tests. The third phase of the study was in vivo testing using 16 cows in the second and third periods of lactation. Furthermore, this phase was divided into 4 treatment groups namely100% corn forage basal feeding and 0% silage (R1), 67% corn forage and 33% silage (R2), 33% corn forage and 33% silage (R3), and 0% corn forage and 100% silage (R4). Each of the feeding treatment used 4 cows consisting of four magnitude classifications of body weight. Each cow was treated by using corn forage basal feeding or silage and added 1 kg concentrate for 2 liters milk produced in a day. The variables measured included the dry matter digestibility (DMD), the organic matter digestibility (OMD), the crude protein digestibility (CPD), the dry matter intake (DMI), the organic matter intake (OMI), the crude protein intake (CPI), the total digestible nutrients (TDN), the milk produced in a day, the fat milk content, the protein milk, the milk specific gravity, the total solid (TS), the solid non fat (SNF) and the degree of milk acidity by Soxhlet Henkel. The data collected was analyzed by using variance analysis of latin square. If there was any difference among the treatment, the variables would be analyzed by using Duncan’s multiple range test. In the first research obtained the result of silage with pH around 3.79 - 4.49 from the treatment of br.m8 and b0.m0, the content of lactic acid was around 2.41% - 6.27% from the treatment of b0.m0 and pl.m8, the acetic acid was .64% - 1.68% from the treatment of pl.m8 and b0.m0, the butyric acid was .08% - .51% from the treatment of br.m8 and b0.m0, the N-NH3 was 2.67% - 6.52% from the treatment of pl.m8 and b0.m0, the organoleptic value was 57.18 - 86.07 from the treatment ofb0.m0 and pl.m8, the decreasing content of the dried matter was 4.41% - 10.26% from the treatment ofpl.m8 and b0.m0,the decreasing content of organic matter was 6.00% - 11.01%from the treatment ofpl.m8 and b0.m0, the decreasing content of CP was 1.80% - 9.75%from the treatment ofpl.m8 and b0.m0, the decreasing content of NFE was 3.61% - 6.79%from the treatment ofpl.m8 and b0.m0, the increasing content of crude fiber was 1.08% - 4.69% from the treatment ofpl.m8 and b0.m0, the development amount of LAB was around 1.2X107– 6.2X108from the treatment ofb0.m0 and pl.m8. The result of research I showed the treatment of using the LAB plantarum inoculants, the blending inoculants, LAB from the rumen content, and the adding of molasses additive consecutive 8% produced the lactic acid content silage of 6.27%, 5.73%, and 5.16% and the amount of LAB were 6.2X108, 5.7X108, and 5.1X108 they were higher than pH 3.84, 3.84 and 3.79, the content of acetic acid were .64%, 1.05% and .86%, the content of butyric acid were .09%, .14%, and 0,08%, ammonia were 2.67%, 2.97% and 2.98%, which were lower than the previous one. The average of the decreasing of the DM were 4.41%, 5.25%, and 6.04%, the decreasing of CP were 6.00%, 6.27%, and 6.45%, organic matter 1.80%, 1.95%, and 4.17%, which were lower than the treatment of using LAB acidophilus inoculants, LAB casei inoculants, and without LAB inoculants (b0).The second research showed the using of inoculants of LAB plantarum, the blending LAB, the LAB from the rumen content, and the adding of molasses additive 8% produced silage, in which the average of lactic acid were 4.70%, 3.88% and 3.46%, and the amount of the LAB were 3.40X108, 2.94X108, and 2.70X108. The pH degrees of silage acidity were 4.07, 4.13, and 4.44, the acetic acid contents were .45%, .71%, and .84%, the butyric acid contents were .05%, .07%, and .10%, the contents of ammonia were 1.85%, 2.08%, and 2.42%, the decreasing contents of DM were 4.49%, 5.00%, and 5.04%, the decreasing contents of organic matter were 2.45%, 2.61%, and 2.79%, the increasing contents of CP were 1.69%, 2.15%, and 4.44%, the decreasing of crude fiber contents were 3.37%, 3.46%, and 3.65%, the values of organoleptic were 59.01, 58.75, and 58.75. Each of them was based on the treatment of using LAB plantarum, the blending LAB, and LAB from the rumen content. The role of ensilage duration showed the using of LAB plantarum inoculants produced a better silage than the using of blending LAB and LAB from the rumen content. They were showed by the reaching of pH silage, which were 4.05, 4.35, and 4.33 on the second week, while the contents of lactic acid were 5.19% / DM, 4.76% / DM, and 4.01% / DM. The ensilage duration affects to the lactic acid fermentation, the fastest fermentation was reached on the second week (at the 8 th days – 14 th ), which was followed by the third week (at the 15 th days – 21 st ), then the first week (at the 1 st day – 7 th ) and the fourth week (at the 22 nd days – 28 th ), with the lactic acid contents were 4.65%, 5.38%,0,58%, and 5.43%.The third research showed the consumptions of the rumen content silage a day as the basal feeding for lactating dairy cattle, which were 13.54 kg of DM, 10.39 kg of OM, 10.38 kg of TDN, 1499 g of CP for the R4 treatment (100% silage); 15.11 kg of DM, 11.70 kg of OM, 10.47 kg of TDN, 1454 g of CP for the R3 treatment (67% silage); 11.83 kg of DM, 9.25 kg of OM, 7.37 kg of TDN, 1212 g of CP for the R2 treatment (33% silage); 16.64 kg of DM, 13.12 kg of OM, 12.12 kg of TDN, and 16.12 g of CP for the treatment R1 treatment (0% silage or 100% corn forage). The average of feeding digestibility for the treatment of R4 were 71.01% of DM, 73.37% of OM, 72.96% of CP; in addition the average for the treatment of R3 were 71.72% of DM, 74.09% of OM, 73.14% of CP; whilst, for the treatment of R2 were 63.56% of DM, 66.78% of OM, 65.77% of CP; besides, the average digestibility for the treatment of R1 were 75.83% of DM, 78.11% of OM, and 78.74% of CP. The energy consumptions were synchronized with either TDN or the CP at the whole level of the treatment, which were sufficient and beyond the basic living and milk production needed. They showed a good palatability level at the whole level of treatment. They were reflected to the increasing of animal’s weight, which was around 20 kg – 36.25 kg, after doing treatment. The highest milk produced by each cow was R4 feeding treatment cow, which produced 10.07 liter milk a day. It was significantly followed by the R1 feeding treatment cow, which produced 9.26 liter milk a day. The R3 feeding treatment cow produced 9.01 liter milk a day, and R3 produced 8.24 liter milk a day. Cow’s milk production either before or after giving any treatment was not significantly different. What previously explained were as follows R4 produced 9.96 liter milk a day, R1 9.22 liter, R2 8.53 liter, and R3 7.90 liter. Those previous result means there was not any decreasing milk production quality.

Kata Kunci : Isi Rumen, Bakteri Asam laktat, Silase, Molases, onggok, Hijauan Jagung, Pakan Basal