ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM IN SURABAYA RIVER, EAST JAVA PROVINCE

CATUR ARIK KURNIAWATI, Prof. Ir. Bakti Setiawan, M.A.,Ph.D.

2012 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & Daerah

Sungai merepresentasikan salah satu komponen lingkungan yang mempunyai peran penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Kebutuhan akan air bersih meningkat setiap tahunnya seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah populasi dan pembangunan ekonomi. Populasi di sekitar daerah Sungai Surabaya mencapai 1,3 milyar penduduk yang tersebar pada empat Kabupaten/Kota: Mojokerto, Gresik, Sidoarjo dan Surabaya. Sungai Surabaya sepanjang 42 Km, mempunyai fungsi yang signifikan sebagai sumber bahan baku utama dalam penyediaan air bersih bagi masyarakat. Fakta menggambarkan bahwa kualitas air Sungai Surabaya cenderung menurun, disebabkan oleh polusi air. Penelitian ini mengkaji kualitas air Sungai Surabaya selama kurun waktu 2005-2010. Metode yang digunakan adalanh kuantitatif dan kualitatif analisis. Analisa kuantitatif berhubungan dengan analisa data kualitas air, analisa sumber pencemar, beban pencemaran dan perhitungan persentase penurunan pencemaran sesauai dengan standar kualitas air. Selain itu, masalah dasar hukum dan keembagaan juga dianalisa secara qualitative untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan monitoring kualitas air. Dari analisa trend, konsentrasi BOD dan COD tertinggi terletak pada area 30-40 Km yaitu daerah urban. Beban pencemaran pada Sungai Surabaya mencapai 216,44 ton/hari; 90,31 ton/hari dan 13,1 ton/hari dari masing-masing konsentrasi COD, BOD dan ammonia. Komposisi dari sumber pencemar terdiri dari: buangan domestik (54%, 45%, 18% dari masing-masing konsentrasi BOD, NH3-N dan COD), industri (82%, dan 46% dari konsentrasi COD dan BOD), sedangkan dari pertanian sebesar 55% dari konsentrasi NH3-N. Tingginya beban pencemaran pada musim kemarau disebabkan oleh tidak terkontrolnya buangan industri pada musim penghujan, Dengan referensi pengalaman dari Negara Jepang, beban pencemaran pada suatu wilayah air dapat berkurang dengan diterapkannya peraturan TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Loading). Pada akhirnya, kebijakan yang terpadu, koordinasi yang baik antar institusi dan peraturan tentang TMDL sangat dibutuhkan sebagai bagian dari pencegahan polusi air di Sungai Surabaya.

A river represents one of the environmental components which has an essential function for the life of human beings. The amount of water required for the various needs of human beings increases every year along with the increase of the population and economic development. The population in the Surabaya River watershed recently reached 1.3 million people spreading into four regencies/municipalities which are: Mojokerto, Gresik, Sidoarjo, and Surabaya. The Surabaya River, with a length of 42 km, has a significant function as a major source for public water supply. In fact, the water quality of the Surabaya River has gradually deteriorated recently, caused by water pollution. This research assesses the water quality of the Surabaya River during the years 2005-2010. Two methods are used in this research, quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative analysis deals with water quality monitoring datasheet, pollutant source analyses, pollution load, finally percentage pollution reductions are estimated based on water quality standard. In addition, legal and institutional framework issues are qualitatively analyzed to evaluate the implementation of a water quality monitoring program. From a trend analysis, BOD and COD concentrations were the highest in the distance range 30-40 km (downstream area) in an urban area. Pollution load in the Surabaya River recently reached 216.44 tons/day; 90.31 tons/day and 13.1 tons/day of COD; BOD and ammonia loads. Composition of pollutant sources are: domestic sewage (54%, 45% 18% of BOD, NH3-N and COD load respectively); industries (82% and 46% of COD and BOD load), whereas agriculture (55% of NH3-N load).The higher pollution load in the wet season is caused by a phenomenon of uncontrolled industrial wastewater discharges in rainy season. With the reference to Japan’s experience, total loadings to specified water declined significantly due to TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Loading) regulations. Finally, integrated policies, better coordinated management inter institutions and regulation of TMDL are necessary as a part of the water pollution control act in the Surabaya River.

Kata Kunci : water quality; pollution; institutional framework; Surabaya River