INTEGRATION IN PLANNING: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIUM TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND ANNUAL SECTOR PLANS IN PADANG PANJANG MUNICIPALITY
MUNADI AHMADI, Forbes Davidson, MA, IHS,
2011 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & DaerahPenerapan sistem desentralisasi pada pemerintahan daerah merupakan suatu usaha untuk meningkatkan pelayanan dasar kepada masyarakat. Peningkatan pelayanan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh penyusunan dokumen rencana pembangunan. Penyusunan dokumen perencanaan tersebut membutuhkan inovasi dan kreativitas dari seorang perencana. Pada sistem perencanaan daerah di Indonesia, setiap rencana pembangunan memiliki keterkaitan antara satu dengan yang lain secara hierarki atau fungsi (Munir, 2002). Rencana pembangunan tersebut adalah Rencana Pembangunan jangka Panjang (RPJP), Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah (RPJM), dan Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah (RKPD). Ketiga rencana pembangunan tersebut merupakan rencana pembangunan yang terpadu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat proses perencanaan dan perumusan keputusannya disektor pendidikan dalam konteks hubungan antara RPJM dengan RPKD. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauh mana keterpaduan antara kebijakan, sasaran dan program antara RPJM dengan RKPD pada sektor pendidikan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa RPJM sangat mempengaruhi proses penyusunan RKPD disektor pendidikan. Hal ini terlihat bagaimana, kebijakan, sasaran dan program prioritas serta kegiatan yang ada pada RKPD didasarkan pada pencapaian sasaran RPJM. Bahkan pada proses penganggaran tahunan pun RPJM menjadi acuan utama dalam penentuan anggaran suatu kegiatan. Namun penetuan lokasi dan waktu pelaksanaan kegiatan tidak dipengaruhi oleh apa yang telah ditetapkan didalam dokumen RPJM. Penentuan lokasi suatu kegiatan (khusus kegiatan fisik) ditentukan oleh arah pembangunan kota dan fungsi wilayah kota sedang waktu pelaksanaan kegiatan dipengaruhi oleh koordinasi antar stakeholder pembangunan. Sedangkan factor yang sangat dominan didalam proses perencanaan RKPD adalah factor politis. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dari penelitian ini, maka dibutuhkan empat hal untuk meningkatkan kualitas dokumen perencanaan selama proses penyusunannya. Keempat hal tersebut adalah komitmen politik antara pemerintah daerah dan DPRD; peningkatan ruang partisipasi bagi masyarakat; keterpaduan antara rencana pembangunan dengan rencana tata ruang.
The implementation of decentralization system in local governance is an effort to improve basic services to the community. This service improvement is based on the formulation of local development plans requiring innovation from local planners. In Indonesian local planning system, each local development plan has a linkage and hierarchical relationships between one with another (Munir, 2002). The development plans are long term development plan, medium term development plan and annual development plan. Those three development plans are integrated development plans. Moreover, Munir (2002) stated that the purposes of a local development plan formulation are; to ensure planning consistency and the choice of priority programs and activities to fit local need; to integrate the programs and activities among sectors that have been discussed in a participatory manner involving all stakeholders; and to sustain programs and annual plan. Integration and consistency among sector in development plan and among sector and another plan influence achievement of development plan objectives Medium term development plan(MDP) and sector strategic plan are the reference of annual development plan (ADP) formulation, although the sector strategic plan itself is a derivation of medium term development plan. It needs an analysis to see the relationship between MDP and ADP and the process of formulation and decision making of ADP because medium term development plan is an integrated plan that incorporates various sectors meanwhile the strategic plan is a sectoral plan. In this research, sectoral plan analyzed is education sector since the main development mission of Padang Panjang is realizing this city as Islamic education destination city. However, there are issues embedded concerning the implementation of decentralization in local development plan. Those issues are such as political influence and elite capture, weakness of local development system and lack of capacity and motivation of human resources at the local level (Hadingham and Wilson, 2002). On the other hand, local government is required to produce development plans which are integrated and consistent with other plan documents. Therefore, it is still questioned whether decentralized planning system, can keep the integration and consistency of development plans This research tries to explore the planning process and the relation of decision making in education sector, in the context of relationship between 5 years integrated development plan and annual development plan. Thus, the objective of this research is to evaluate the Integration of education sector policies, objectives, and programs between annual development plan and Medium Term Development Plan. This is an exploratory research of Integration of education sector policies, objectives, and programs between annual development plan and Medium Term Development Plan. This research was conducted in Padang Panjang. The respondents are Medium term and annual development team, local Parliament, planner at education agency, village facilitator, and citizen and education council. This research was conducted by in-depth interview, field observation and studying documents. Local development plan concept in decentralized system is used to formulate theoretical framework 5 year development plan strongly influenced the formulation process of annual development plan in education sector. It is shown by how policies, objectives, priority programs and activities are integrated with 5 year development plan. Even in budgeting process, if an activity proposed had no relation with 5 year development plan objectives achievement directly, this activity will be eliminated. However, activity which had direct output to achievement of 5 year development plan objectives, it will be prioritized in budgeting. Whereas, location and timing of education plan determination were not affected by 5 year development plan. Location determination considers city development direction and result of investigation activity, meanwhile timing determination required coordination among sectors related to education sector. Nevertheless because political factor plays significantly during budgeting process, so there were some activities in annual development plan which were not integrated with 5 year development plan. This is an exploratory research which explores planning process of integrated plan and decision making in annual development plan. The medium term development plan is a basic frame of development policy for 5 years which is elaborated into annual development plan. Therefore during the process of both planning documents, it needs four important things which contribute to the document quality. Those four important things are strong political commitment from local government and local parliament to develop city; Increasing of participation space for community; good coordination among development sectors; harmonizing and integrating between development plan documents and spatial plan documents.
Kata Kunci : Annual development plan, coordination, decentralized system, Integration, medium term development plan, Participatory,
