FLOODING AND THE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN MALANG CITY, EAST JAWA, INDONESIA
HERI ISTANTO, Dr. Ogenis Brilhante
2011 | Tesis | S2 Magist.Prnc.Kota & DaerahPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kenapa sistem drainase perkotaan di Kota Malang tidak mampu mengatasi banjir? Penelitian ini mencoba mengetahui penyebab utama dan akar permasalahan drainase di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif dan menggunakan strategi survei. Penentuan responden dilakukan secara purposive terhadap dua komunitas yang mengalami banjir yakni di Kelurahan Madyopuro (28 responden) dan Kelurahan Lesanpuro (40 responden). Data primer diperoleh melalui pengamatan di lapangan, wawancara dan kuisoner sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi literatur. Data dan informasi dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sebanyak 60.71% responden di Madyopuro dan 75% di Lesanpuro mengalami banjir periodik. Penyebab utama banjir adalah kurangnya pemeliharaan fasilitas drainase. Sistem drainase di Kota Malang menghadapi masalah teknik (berkurangnya area resapan yang tidak terkontrol), institusi (ketidakjelasan pembagian kewenangan irigasi dengan pemerintah provinsi), manajemen (rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat), perawatan (penyumbatan saluran drainase), keuangan (keterbatasan anggaran), dan hukum (rendahnya penegakan hukum). Kota Malang menitikberatkan kepada solusi yang bersifat struktural (rekayasa teknik) untuk mengatasi masalah drainasenya. Pembangunan sumur resapan dan pembangunan jalan dengan bahan paving block merupakan dua kebijakan di Kota Malang yang sejalan dengan konsep sistem drainase kota yang berkelanjutan (ramah lingkungan). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan tiga hal sebagai berikut: (1) Partisipasi masyarakat, komunikasi dan pendidikan usia dini terkait sistem drainase harus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat saat ini dan untuk masa depan; (2) Pemerintah Kota Malang seharusnya melibatkan instansi-instansi pemerintah yang lain untuk menyelesaikan rumitnya masalah drainase; (3) Penyebaran informasi mengenai penerapan sistem drainase ramah lingkungan harus dilakukan sebagai salah satu alternatif penyelesaian masalah drainase di Kota Malang.
This research aims to ABSTRACT identify why urban drainage systems in Malang City is not coping with flooding occurrences. It tries to find out what is the main cause of flooding and the root cause of urban drainage problems in Malang City. This research is an exploratory research using survey strategy. The survey was applied purposively to two communities who experienced flooding in Malang City namely Madyopuro (28 respondents) and Lesanpuro (40 respondents). Primary data was collected through field observation, structured interviews and questionnaires while secondary data was collected by desk study. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were used to analyse collected data and information. Most of the respondents (60.71% in Madyopuro and 75% in Lesanpuro) are experienced flooding regularly. This research found that the prominent cause of flooding in Malang City is lack of maintenance of drainage facilities in the city. Urban drainage systems in Malang City encountered technical (uncontrolled reduction of infiltration areas), institutional arrangements (incomplete division of authority on irrigation channels between local and provincial government), management (low public awareness), maintenance (obstructed channels), financial (limited budget) and legal (low law enforcment) problems. Structural measures with hard engineering approaches such as making new drainage networks, upgrading existing drainage facilities etc., were mainly used by local government of Malang City to address its drainage problems. There are two prominent measures which are implemented by local government of Malang City which are consistent to the concept of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS). Those two measures are construction of infiltration wells in local government buildings and the use of paving block for the construction of neighbourhood streets. This research recommends three things i.e: (1) Community participation, communication and early-aged education regarding urban drainage systems should be undertaken to raise public awareness today and for the future; (2) Local government of Malang City should actively involve other local government agencies to solve their complex urban drainage system problems; (3) Dissemination of information regarding the implementation of SUDS is a must as an alternative solution to solve drainage problems in Malang City.
Kata Kunci : kota, sistem drainase, banjir, berkelanjutan.
