OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN UBIKAYU DAN TONGKOL JAGUNG DALAM RANSUM SAPI POTONG

SOEHARSONO,S.PT,M.SI, Ir. Hari Hartadi, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2011 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian optimalisasi tanaman ubikayu dan tongkol jagung dalam ransum sapi potong bertujuan untuk mempertahankan kualitas nutrien tanaman ubikayu (UK) dengan pengeringan; meningkatkan kualitas nutrien tongkol jagung amoniasi (TJA); mengetahui kualitas nutrien dan produktivitas ternak sapi potong dengan pemberian pakan olahan UK dengan TJA. UK dicacah dan dikeringkan dengan tingkat kepadatan dan lama penjemuran. Tongkol jagung digiling selanjutnya diamoniasi dengan tingkat urea dan lama pemeraman. Uji biologi dan metabolis pada kombinasi produk olahan UK:TJA terbaik pada ternak sapi potong peranakan ongole (PO). Hasil penelitian bahwa penjemuran cacahan UK tidak berpengaruh pada penurunan kualitas nutrien. Peningkatan kandungan protein kasar (PK), acid detergent fiber (ADF), N-neutral detergent fiber (N-NDF) dan N-acid detergent fiber (N-ADF) dan produksi gas, fraksi a+b TJA dan penurunan kandungan neutral detergent fiber (NDF) pada TJA dengan peningkatan tingkat urea dan lama pemeraman. Komposisi bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN); total digestible nutrients (TDN); produksi gas; fraksi a+b dan fraksi c meningkat; komposisi PK dan serat kasar (SK) menurun dengan peningkatan tingkat UK pada kombinasi UK:TJA. Konsumsi bahan kering (BK) UK:TJA meningkat dengan membentuk pola kuadratik Y3=-1,87X2+22,37X-22,26; R2=0,955; konsumsi BK jerami padi menurun dengan membentuk pola kuadratik Y4=0,856X2-10,77X+39,91; R 2=0,899 dengan peningkan pemberian pakan olahan UK:TJA (80:20%BK) pada ternak sapi potong PO. Bobot badan harian (PBBH) meningkat membentuk pola kuadratik Y2 =-0,035X2+ 0,259X+0,316; R² = 0,768; konversi pakan (FCR) menurun membentuk pola kuadratik Y3 = 0,648X2-4,656X+16,81; R²=0,927 dengan semakin meningkatnya pemberian pakan olahan UK:TJA (80:20%BK) pada ternak saapi potong PO. Konsumsi total bahan kering (BK), bahan organik (BO), PK ransum dan kecernaan BK (KcBK), BO (KcBO), PK (KcPK) dan BETN (KcBETN) meningkat sampai pada tingkat penambahan pakan UK:TJA (80:20%BK) 4,5 %W 0,75. pH rumen menurun tetapi dalam kondisi normal. Konsentrasi asam propionat meningkat serta proporsi asam asetat menurun sehingga rasio asetat:propionat cenderung menurun. Neraca nitrogen, allantoin, derivat purine dan estimasi suplai N mikrobia serta estimasi suplai protein mikrobia meningkat sampai pada tingkat penambahan pakan olahan UK:TJA (80:20%BK) 4,5%W 0,75. Penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penjemuran hasil cacahan UK dapat dilakuan sampai kepadatan 7,5 kg/m2 dengan lama penjemuran 3 hari tidak menurunkan kualitas nutrien. Kualitas nutrient terbaik pada TJA dengan menggunakan urea sebesar 6% BK dengan lama pemeraman 4 minggu. Kualitas nutrien terbaik pada kombinasi UK:TJA=80:20%BK. PBBH, FCR, fermentasi rumen, neraca nitrogen, derivate purine dan suplai protein mikrobia terbaik pada pemberian pakan olahan UK:TJA (80:20%BK) 4,5 %W 0,75.

This study examines the optimalization of whole plant cassava and corn cob of beef cattle ration. The purposes are to maintain the nutrient quality of whole plant cassava (WPC) by means of drying process; increase the nutrient quality of the corn cob ammoniated (CCA); and recognize the nutrient quality and productivity of beef cattle by providing the processed feed from the WPC and CCA combinations. Whole plant cassava is chopped into bits and dried with the density level and sun-drying duration. The corn cob is milled and then ammoniated with urea level and brooding duration. The biological and metabolic test of the combined processed feed of WPC and the CCA demonstrated that the best combination of the processed product is for the Ongole cattle. The findings also showed that the sun drying of WPC chops has no effect on the decreased quality of nutrient. The study also revealed the increased crude protein (CP) content, acid detergent fiber (ADF), N-neutral detergent fiber (N-NDF) and N-acid detergent fiber (N-ADF) and gas production, the a+b fraction of the CCA and decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of the CCA with increased urea level and brooding duration. The composition of nitrogen-free extract (NFE); total digestible nutrients (TDN); gas production; a+b and c fractions increased; the composition of CP and crude fiber (CF) decreased with the increased level of WPC in the combination of WPC and the CCA. The dry matter (DM) of WCP and the CCA increased with the formation of the quadratic pattern of Y3=-1.87X2 + 22.37X22.26; R2=0.955; and that of rice straw decreased with a pattern Y4 = 0.856X2–10.77 X 39.91; R2=0.899 and the providing of the processed feed (80 : 20%DM) for beef cattle of Ongole breed increased. Average daily gain (ADG) increased and formed the quadratic pattern Y2 = -0.035X2+ 0.259X + 0.316; R² = 0.768; feed convertion ratio (FCR) decreased and formed the pattern Y3 = 0.648X2– 4.656X+ 16.81; R² = 0.927 with the increasing feeding of the processed products (80 : 20% DM) for the Ongole cattle. of The DM, organic matter (OM), CP total intake and the DM, OM, CP, NFE digestibility increased up to the level of feed adding of WCP:CCA (80 : 20%DM) 4.5 % W0,75. The rumen pH decreased but remained in normal condition. Concentration of propionate acid increased and the proportion of acetate acid decreased, then the ratio of acetate to propionate tended to decrease. The nitrogen balance, allantoin, derivative purine and estimated supply N microbe and protein microbe increased up to level of processed feed addition of WCP:CCA (80 : 20% DM) 4.5%W0,75. The conclusion was that sun drying of the WCP could be done up to the density level of 7.5 kg/m2 with the three-day sun drying and this would not decrease the nutrient quality. The best quality of nutrient in the CCA using urea was 6% of DM with a four-week brooding. The best quality of nutrient in the combined WCP and the CCA was 80:20% of DM. The ADG, FCR, and rumen fermentation, balance of nitrogen, derivative purine and supply protein microbe was the best in the feeding of processed products of WPC and CCA (80:20% DM) 4.5 %W 0,75.

Kata Kunci : Tanaman ubikayu, Tongkol jagung, Pengeringan, Amoniasi, Optimalisasi, Produktivitas, Sapi potong