PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SERUTAN BAMBU PETUNG UNTUK PAPAN PANEL SERAT SEMEN

Prihantono, Drs., ST., Ashar Saputra, ST., MT.,Ph.D.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Teknologi Bahan Bangn

Pemanfaatan limbah serutan bambu Petung dari industri balok laminasi bambu telah dicoba untuk pembuatan papan semen sebagai partisi yang merupakan komponen bahan bangunan. Zat ekstraktif (tanin, gum, gula atau zat warna dalam kayu serta pati) yang terdapat pada bambu akan menghambat pengerasan dari semen. Limbah serutan bambu petung pada saat masih berbentuk bilah telah mengalami perebusan dengan air dicampur boraks untuk pengawetan bambu, pada perebusan ini sebagian dari zat ekstraktif akan larut namun sebagian masih ada. Penggunaan kalsium klorida (CaCL₂) diharapkan mampu mengatasi masalah pengerasan semen karena CaCL₂ dapat mempercepat proses hidrasi semen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari sifat fisik dan mekanik papan semen. Penelitian ini melibatkan dua kelompok benda uji yaitu kelompok pertama benda uji berupa lembaran serat semen dengan bahan baku serutan bambu 20%, 30% dan 40% (berat semen) dengan 3% CaCL2 dan kelompok kedua tanpa CaCL2, sebagai pembanding adalah standar mutu (SNI 15-0233-1989). Uji pendahuluan dilakukan untuk mengetahui berat jenis serat, kadar air serat dan kebutuhan bahan papan semen setelah dikempa. Pembuatan papan semen dengan dikempa dan dioven pada suhu 60ºC selama 24 jam. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa papan semen serat bambu petung memiliki sifat fisika; Bobot isi 1,168 g/cm³ - 1,500 g/cm³, penyerapan 24 jam 12,301% - 19,310% memenuhi syarat SNI 15-0233-1989, variasi serat 40% dan variasi serat 30% yang memakai CaCL₂ memenuhi syarat SNI 15-0233-1989 pada uji keretakan di paku, pengembangan tebal 1,723% - 2,454% (memenuhi syarat SNI 03-6861.1-2002). Papan semen serat bambu petung mempunyai sifat mekanika sebagai berikut: nilai MoR 23,47 kg/cm² - 63,05 kg/cm², seluruh hasil pengujian lentur belum memenuhi syarat SNI 15-0233-1989. Semua papan semen yang menggunakan CaCL₂ memiliki nilai MoR berada diatas MoR papan gipsum, kecuali pada variasi serat 40% tidak dilapis kertas semen memiliki nilai MoR (39,98 kg/cm²) di bawah nilai MoR gipsum (40,28 kg/cm²), MoR optimum pada variasi 30% serat dengan CaCL₂, nilai MoE pada daerah elastis 2.942,43 – 26.410,00 kg/cm².

The utilization of waste of petung bamboo shavings resulted from bamboo laminated beam industry has been considered into cement board as one of the component of construction material known as partition. The extractive substance (tannin, gum, glucose or dye inside the wood and its core) consisted in bamboo will block the hardening of cement. Initially, when the waste of petung bamboo shavings is still in the form of lathes, they had been poached into the water with the addition of borax in order to make the bamboo well-preserved. Due to this process some of the extractive substances will dissolve, whereas some will still exist. The use of calcium chloride (CaCl2) is expected to avoid the cement hardening, since CaCl2 is proven to accelerate the cement hydration. The purpose of this research is to identify the physical and mechanical properties of the cement board. This research involves two groups of fiber cement board samples, where the petung bamboo shavings are taken into consideration as the compound of raw materials. The first group of sample uses 20%, 30%, and 40% (weight of cement) of bamboo shavings and 3% of CaCl2. While the second group of sample is eliminating the use of CaCl2. We will use the fiber cement board which is fulfilled the standard (SNI 15-0233-1989) for comparison. Preliminary experiment is performed to find the density, water content, and material requirements of the fiber cement board after being pressed. This process takes 24 hours and the water needs to be absorbed using the oven at the 60°C temperature. The experimental result shows that the physical properties of the fiber cement board (petung bamboo shavings) are weight content = 1,168 – 1,500 g/cm3 and 24-hour absorption = 12,301% – 19,310%. Those results meet the SNI 15-0233-1989 requirement, but break the SNI 15-0233-1989 requirement in accordance with water density. For 40% fiber composition and 30% fiber composition (with calcium chloride) fulfills the SNI 15-0233-1989 requirement based on the cracking test (hitting the nail to the fiber cement board). Thickness expansion results 1,723% – 2,45%, which is suitable with the SNI 03-6861.1- 2002. The mechanical properties of the fiber cement board (petung bamboo shavings) as follow. The modulus of rupture (MoR) = 23,47 – 63,05 kg/cm2. For the samples added by calcium chloride (coated and uncoated with cement sheet) results the MoR larger than the MoR of gypsum board (40,28 kg/cm2), except for the 40% fiber composition uncoated with cement sheet (MoR = 39,98 kg/cm2). The optimum MoR is resulted from 30% fiber composition samples (with calcium chloride). The modulus of elasticity (MoE) is found to be in the range of 2.942,43 – 26.410,00 kg/cm2.

Kata Kunci : Papan semen, Serutan bambu petung, Semen pozzoland, CaCLâ‚‚