PROFIL DARAH, PERISTALTIK DAN NEURON MIENTERIK NITRERGIK USUS HALUS KELINCI (Oryctolagus cuniculus) YANG DIINFEKSI Eimeria magna

Amelia Hana, drh.,MP., Prof. drh. Soesanto Mangkoewidjojo, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2011 | Disertasi | S3 Sain Veteriner

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon usus kelinci yang diinfeksi Eimeria magna (E. magna) dengan mengamati gejala klinis, profil darah, aktivitas enzim, frekuensi dan amplitudo peristaltik, serta jumlah neuron mienterik nitrergik usus halus. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 45 ekor kelinci lokal jantan sehat umur 5 bulan dengan kisaran berat badan 1,5-1,8 kg, dan bebas koksidiosis. Kelinci dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok masing-masing 15 ekor. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol (K-0) diberi 1,0 ml akuades/kelinci per oral, kelompok II (K-10) diinfeksi dosis tunggal 10x106 oosista E. magna/kelinci per oral, dan kelompok III (K-20) diinfeksi dosis tunggal 20x106 oosista E. magna/kelinci per oral. Pasca infeksi kelinci diperiksa gejala klinis, suhu tubuh dan berat badan setiap hari sampai hari ke-5. Sampel darah diambil melalui vena marginalis untuk diperiksa profil darah (jumlah sel darah merah (SDM), kadar hemoglobin (Hb), nilai packed cell volume (PCV), jumlah sel darah putih (SDP), jumlah jenis-jenis SDP, kadar total protein plasma (TPP) dan fibrinogen), dan aktivitas enzim darah (alkalin fosfatase (ALP), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST). Setelah darah diambil, kelinci dipuasakan selama 12 jam dan dianestesi dengan uretan (1,55 g/kg bb dalam larutan 25%, secara intraperitoneal), kemudian dibedah dan diambil segmen usus halus (duodenum, jejunum, dan ileum) untuk diukur gerak peristaltik (frekuensi dan amplitudo kontraksi peristaltik), secara elektromiografik. Kelinci segera dibunuh dengan cara dislokasi servikal. selanjutnya segmen usus halus dibuat preparat histokimia dengan teknik pewarnaan nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatediaphorase (NADPH-d) untuk mengetahui jumlah neuron mienterik nitrergiknya. Data penelitian dianalisis secara statistik anova dua arah dilakukan dengan menggunakan design faktorial, uji-t (LSD) dan uji korelasi. Berdasar hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa infeksi E. magna pada kelinci secara klinis menyebabkan demam dan penurunan berat badan, disertai dengan anemia mikrositik normokromik (K-10), anemia makrositik normokromik (K-20), leukositosis, limfositosis, hiperfibrinogenemia, dan peningkatan aktivitas ALP. Infeksi E. magna menyebabkan penurunan amplitudo kontraksi peningkatan frekuensi peristaltik dan jumlah neuron mienterik nitrergik usus halus kelinci. Ada korelasi antara dosis dan lama waktu dengan gejala klinis (suhu tubuh dan berat badan), gambaran darah, frekuensi peristaltik, dan jumlah neuron nitrergik kelinci yang diinfeksi dengan E. magna selama lima hari. Semakin tinggi dosis dan semakin lama infeksi E. magna semakin tinggi suhu tubuh dan semakin turun berat badan, semakin meningkat jumlah MCV (mikrositik sampai makrositik), leukosit, fibrinogen dan aktivitas ALP. Semakin ke kaudal frekuensi peristaltik semakin turun, amplitudo kontraksi semakin rendah, jumlah neuron mienterik nitrergik semakin banyak.

The research was aimed to study the response of small intestine of rabbit infected by Eimeria magna (E. magna) by observing clinical signs, blood profiles, enzyme activities, frequency and amplitude of peristaltics, and the number of nytrergics myenteric neuron of small intestines. In this research were used fourty-five male rabbits aged 5 month old with body weight range from 1.5 to 1.8 kg, clinically healthy and free coccidiosis. All rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups, group I as control (K-0) was given 1.0 ml distilled water/rabbit orally, group II (K-10) was infected with single dose of 10x106 oocysts of E. magna/rabbit orally, and group III (K-20) was infected with single dose of 20x106 oocysts of E. magna/rabbit orally. After infection, rabbits were examined for clinical signs, body temperature and weight, everyday until the day fifth. Blood samples were drawn through the vena marginalis to be examined for blood profiles (RBC, Hb concentration, PCV value, WBC, defferential of WBC, TPP and fibrinogen concentration), and blood enzyme activity (ALP, ALT, AST). After blood sampling, the rabbit were fasted for 12 hours, and anesthetized with urethane (1.55 g/ kg bw in a 25% solution, intraperitoneally), dissected and then the segments of small intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) were removed to be determined the peristaltic movements by using electromyograph. Furthermore, the rabbits were euthanized immediately by cervical dislocation. The segments of small intestines were processed histochemically and stained using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatediaphorase (NADPH-d) to determine the number of nytrergics myenteric neuron. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way anova using a factorial design, LSD test, and corellation test. The results of this research could be concluded the infection of E. magna in rabbits caused fever and weight loss, accompanied by normochromic microcytic anemia (K-10), macrocytic normochromic (K-20), leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, hiperfibrinogenemia, and increasing of ALP activities. Infection of E. magna caused decreasing of amplitude contraction, increasing of peristaltic frequency, and the number of nytrergic myenteric neurons. There were correlations between dose and duration of infection with clinical symptoms (weight and body temperature), blood profile, peristaltic frequency, and the number of nytrergic myenteric neurons of rabbits infected with E. magna for five days. The higher the dose and the longer the infection of E. magna could increase body temperature, lose weight, increase MCV (microcytic to macrocytic), leukocyte, fibrinogen and ALP activity. The more caudal of small intestines the lower peristaltic and amplitude contraction detected and the number of nitrergic myenteric neurons increased.

Kata Kunci : Kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus), Eimeria magna, peristaltik usus halus, neuron mienterik nitrergik