PROFIL TERPENOID ORGAN VEGETATIF Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. YANG TUMBUH DI KALIMANTAN BARAT DAN YOGYAKARTA

MALIKUN, Dr. L. Hartanto Nugroho, M.Agr.Sc.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Brucea javanica digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional/alternatif di Indonesia. Penelitian tentang adanya senyawa bioaktif telah dilakukan di antaranya sebagai antimalaria, antidiare, antikanker, antitumor. Penelitian terdahulu mengidentifikasi adanya terpenoid pada organ vegetatif dan organ generatif. Keberadaan terpenoid itu belum dilaporkan macam senyawa dan konsentrasinya secara rinci dalam bentuk profil. Perlu ada penelitian mengenai profil terpenoid B. javanica pada masing-masing organ tumbuhan dan perbandingannya pada dua daerah yang secara geografi berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode sampling kemudian mengembangkan protokol ekstraksi akar, batang dan daun dilanjutkan analisis GC dan GC-MS. Analisis kualitatif berupa identifikasi senyawa berdasarkan waktu retensi peak kromatogram secara deskriptif dan analisis kuantitatif dengan menghitung indeks retensi profil kromatogram GC/GC-MS dengan analisis regresi linear. Hasil pengembangan protokol menunjukkan metode maserasi dengan penggerusan dan mengurangi panas pada proses pembuatan serbuk memiliki recovery senyawa paling banyak dengan menggunakan pelarut kloroform. Kromatogram menunjukkan peak terbanyak pada daun kemudian akar dan terakhir batang. Akar, batang, dan daun B. javanica Kalimantan Barat menunjukkan 86 peak pembeda dan 96 peak pembeda pada Yogyakarta. Perbandingan 2 lokasi menunjukkan 67 peak pembeda pada daun, 45 pada akar dan 29 pada batang. Hasil perhitungan indeks retensi menunjukkan terdapat 12 terpenoid teridentifikasi. Konsentrasi terpenoid tertinggi pada sampel Yogyakarta. Aromadendrene -bourbonene, e-myrtenol, spathulenol, dan squalene hanya ditemukan pada daun dan limonene dioxide hanya pada akar. Phytol terdapat pada semua organ di 2 lokasi. Konsentrasi phytol tertinggi terdapat pada sampel Yogyakarta terutama pada batang sebesar 0,24 mg/g berat kering.

Brucea javanica was used in traditional/alternative medicine in Indonesia. Research on the presence of bioactive compounds has been carried out for antimalarial, antidiarrheal, anticancer, antitumor medicines. Several studies identified the presence of terpenoids in the vegetative and generative organs. The presence of terpenoids in roots and leaves had not been reported in detail. Study is needed regarding the terpenoid profiles of B. javanica on each plant organ and the comparison of two geographically distinct regions. The study was carried out using sampling method then develops organ extraction protocol in roots, stems and leaves continued with GC and GC-MS analyzed. The qualitative analysis performed by identification of compounds based on retention time of peak chromatograms as descriptive and quantitative analysis by calculating the retention index of chromatogram profile from GC/GC-MS with a linear regression analysis. The results of protocol development showed that maceration methods with crushing and heat reduction in refining gave the best compound recovery using chloroform solvent. Chromatogram showed that the highest peak was found in leaves, then roots, and stems the last. B. javanica growing in West Borneo gave 86 distinctive peaks and 96 distinctive peaks of Yogyakarta were found. Comparison showed 76 distinctive peaks in leaves, 45 in roots and 38 in stems. Retention index calculation gave 12 identified terpenoids. Yogyakarta’s samples had the highest terpenoid concentration. Aromadendrene -bourbonene, e-myrtenol, spathulenol, and squalene was found only in leaves and limonene dioxide was found only in roots. Phytol was found on all organs of two locations. Phytol had highest concentration in B. javanica of Yogyakarta especially in stems with the amount of 0.24 mg/g dry weight.

Kata Kunci : Brucea javanica, terpenoid, GC-MS