KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN PENYUSUN VEGETASI LANTAI LINGKUNGAN QUARRY DI KAWASAN PENAMBANGAN EMAS TRADISIONAL, SEKOTONG, LOMBOK BARAT

HENDRO KUSUMO EKO PRASETYO MORO, Dr. RIna Sri Kasiamdari

2011 | Tesis | S2 Biologi

Penambangan emas tradisional menyebabkan kerusakan pada habitat dan vegetasi. Keanekaragaman vegetasi lantai dapat terganggu akibat adanya tailing yang dibuang di quarry dari penambangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan lantai dan mempelajari keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan penyusun vegetasi lantai sekitar quarry; mempelajari hubungan antara keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan lantai dengan kandungan merkuri tanah dan parameter lingkungan sekitar quarry. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pelangan dan Selodong pada 13 stasiun berbeda, dari Oktober 2009 sampai November 2009. Analisis vegetasi menggunakan metode kuadrat berdasarkan jarak 0-1m dan 1-3m dari quarry. Data tumbuhan dikumpulkan dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk kunci identifikasi. Parameter lingkungan yang diukur adalah kadar merkuri tanah, pH tanah, temperatur tanah, dan kelembaban tanah. Analisis data dari indeks keanekaragaman didasarkan pada Shannon Wienner. Limapuluh satu jenis tumbuhan lantai dari 20 suku, dijumpai di sekitar quarry dengan Cynodon dactylon L. sebagai jenis paling mendominasi. Indeks keanekaragaman tumbuhan lantai sangat rendah (H’=0,0) sampai rendah (H’=2,08). Meningkatnya kandungan merkuri tanah menurunkan kehadiran jenis tumbuhan lantai, walaupun tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang nyata dengan indeks keanekaragaman, ph tanah, temperatur tanah, dan kelembaban tanah (r<0,5). Indeks keanekaragaman meningkat secara nyata dengan meningkatnya temperatur tanah (r=0,73) pada jarak 1-3m dari quarry.

Traditional gold mining causes damage to habitat and vegetation. The diversity of floor vegetation can be disturbed by the presence of tailings dumped in the quarry from maining activities. The aim of this study were to know and study the diversity of plant species growing around the quarry; to study relationship between plant diversity and soil mercury levels and environmental factors. This study was conducted at Pelangan and Selodong in 13 different stations from October 2009 until November 2009. Vegetation analysis was measured using quadratic method based on distance 0-1m and 1-3m from the quarry. Plant data was collected and displayed in the form of identification keys. Environmental factors which measured was soil mercury, soil pH, soil temperature, and soil humidity. Data analysis of diversity index was based on Shannon Wienner. Fifty one of plant species from 20 families were found with Cynodon dactylon L. was found as the dominant species at environment of quarry. Diversity of floor vegetation indexs was very low (0,0) until low (2,08). The increasing of soil mercury level reduce sum of plant species, although didn’t shown significant correlation with diversity index, soil pH, soil temperature, and soil humidity (r<0,5). Diversity index increased significantly at the height of soil temperature (r=0,73) in 1-3m from quarry.

Kata Kunci : plant diversity, floor vegetation, quarry,mercury